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Establishment of SPM Nanofractographic Techique and Its Application to Investigation of Damage and Fracture Mechanisms of Materials

SPM纳米断裂技术的建立及其在材料损伤与断裂机理研究中的应用

基本信息

批准号：
07305004
负责人：
KOMAI Kenjiro
金额：
$ 6.78万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The research project focused on the application of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), which are so called scanning probe microscopy (SPM), to investigate fracture mechanisms and strength evaluation of materials. In order to establish standard methods for observing fracture and damaged surfaces of materials, or nanofractography, round robin tests were conducted. The research group consisted of six institutes from five universities, one national institute, and two institutes from private companies. In order to perform round robin tests, standard SPM samples manufactured by micromachining were prepared and each institute measured the sample surface by using SPMs. The SPMs used for the round robin tests were STMs, contact mode AFMs, and tapping mode AFMs operating in air and/or ultra-high vacuum. The SPMs were manufactured by several leading SPM developers in Japan and the United States. Special attention was paid to shape of SPM tip, and therefore, the ultra-high resolution field emission type scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were taken before and after the observation. The research group investigated influences of tip shape on quantitative three dimensional shapes by SPM,the difference of vertical and horizontal length measured among the institutes, and among the SPM developers : the group discussed the affecting factors on SPM images. The group also discussed the application of SPM to analyze in situ nanoscopic observation of localized corrosion damage in a solution such as pitting corrosion, intergranular corrosion, and stress corrosion, as well as fatigue damage initiation and propagation of various kinds of materials in air : nanoscopic damage mechanisms of localized corrosion and fatigue were discussed. The research was also extended to the application of an atomic force microscope to measure nanoscopic hardness, and the development of measuring method of SPM tip radius in a nonmeter order.

该研究项目的重点是应用扫描隧道显微镜（STM）和原子力显微镜（AFM），即所谓的扫描探针显微镜（SPM），研究材料的断裂机制和强度评估。为了建立用于观察材料的断裂和受损表面或纳米分形的标准方法，进行了循环试验。研究小组由五所大学的六个研究所、一个国立研究所和两个私营公司的研究所组成。为了进行循环测试，准备了通过微机械加工制造的标准SPM样品，并且每个研究所通过使用SPM测量样品表面。用于循环测试的SPM是在空气和/或超高真空中操作的STM、接触模式AFM和轻敲模式AFM。SPM由日本和美国的几家领先SPM开发商制造。特别注意SPM针尖的形状，因此，观察前后拍摄了超高分辨率场发射型扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像。研究组调查了针尖形状对SPM定量三维形状的影响，研究所之间和SPM开发人员之间测量的垂直和水平长度的差异：讨论了SPM图像的影响因素。该小组还讨论了SPM在分析溶液中局部腐蚀损伤的原位纳米级观察中的应用，如点蚀，晶间腐蚀和应力腐蚀，以及各种材料在空气中的疲劳损伤起始和传播：局部腐蚀和疲劳的纳米级损伤机制进行了讨论。本研究亦延伸至原子力显微镜在奈米硬度量测上的应用，以及发展非米级SPM针尖半径量测方法。