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Urban Pedevelopment of Civic Districts in Japan Castle-Towns in Nineteen Century

19世纪日本城下町市区的城市化发展

基本信息

批准号：
07455247
负责人：
SATOH Shigeru
金额：
$ 1.02万
依托单位：
Waseda University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The modernizing process of Japanese local cities includes five characteristic schemes for urban planning in three distinctive periods, as follows.The first is the redevelopment of castle-districts and their surroundings to change them from feudal towns to modern ones. In the early 1870's, the Meiji government announced that castles should be demolished because they were symbols of feudalism. One reform was to lacate the seats of prefectural offices in the hearts of major castle-towns. Most of the beautiful and magnificent castles were destroyed, and the moats and small artificial lakes that were important for the towns' spatial structure were filled up. Furthermore some redevelopment projects in castle districts and surrounding areas were put into practice in order to create modern cities and towns. These included the construction of public buildings and facilities and the formation of a central business district in each city.The second scheme occurred during the changing process from … More feudal to modern society, and created open physical spatial structures to suit the concentrated national transportation system, such as the railway network established in the early 20th century. In order to build modern urban structures, various sorts of projects were planned and completed in all important towns : for example, and efficient road network, a special district for government offices, or a new railway station were often built on the land reclaimed by filling up a moat or lake. The key scheme in this process was how to lay out the railway and where to locate the station that would be one more important center in the future. In some cities, a railway station was built in the mid-town area in order to revitalize the whole urban structure ; in other cities, it was located far from the center to conserve the historical area. New street systems and urban structures had to be created to suit this newly built railway system. These spatial structures have playd an important role in sustaining the urban growth and modernization of most castle-towns. Less

日本地方城市的近代化过程，包括三个不同时期的五个具有特色的城市规划方案：一是城堡区及其周边地区的再开发，使其由封建城镇向近代城镇转变;在19世纪70年代初，明治政府宣布城堡应该被拆除，因为它们是封建主义的象征。其中一项改革是将县政府的办公地点设在主要城堡城镇的中心。大多数美丽宏伟的城堡都被摧毁，对城镇空间结构至关重要的护城河和小型人工湖也被填满。此外，城堡区和周边地区的一些重建项目也付诸实施，以创建现代化的城市和城镇。第二个方案发生在城市转型的过程中， ...更多信息从封建社会到现代社会，创造了开放的物理空间结构，以适应集中的国家运输系统，如世纪初建立的铁路网。为了建设现代化的城市结构，在所有重要的城镇都规划和完成了各种项目：例如，高效的道路网络，政府办公室的特殊区域，或新的火车站往往建在填护城河或湖泊的土地上。这一过程中的关键方案是如何布局铁路，以及在哪里设立车站，这将是未来的一个更重要的中心。在一些城市，火车站建在市中心地区，以振兴整个城市结构;在其他城市，它位于远离市中心，以保护历史区域。新的街道系统和城市结构必须建立，以适应这个新建的铁路系统。这些空间结构在维持大多数城堡城镇的城市增长和现代化方面发挥了重要作用。少