The Scale and Mechanism of Japanese Victims of Stalinist Terror in the USSR in the 1930s

在20世纪20年代和30年代，大约有100名日本人梦想生活在工人阶级的天堂，然后去了美国。这些人主要是共产主义者，他们受到日本皇室警察的压迫。也有普通的工人、知识分子和艺术家，他们不是共产主义者。他们是由日本共产党(共产国际日本部)组织和领导的，20世纪30年代在莫斯科的代表是片山森、冈野三三(别名冈野秀三)和山本贤三(别名田中贤三)。片山森于1933年11月去世后，野崎贤三于1934年初被派往美国，山本贤三成为美国日共集团的最高领导人，但山本贤三于1937年11月被苏联秘密警察(NKVD)以“日本帝国主义特工”的身份突然逮捕并于1939年3月被枪杀。当时几乎所有生活在苏联的日本人都面临着同样的命运。遇难者的确切人数尚不清楚，…更多，但我现在估计大约有86名日本人。这项研究试图根据新发现的俄罗斯文献来追溯这段悲惨的历史。我在这里总结了20世纪20年代和30年代斯大林主义清洗的日本受害者人数。(1)俄罗斯文件和日本材料证实了32名日本受害者。(2)根据苏联文件，15名日本人被杀害或压迫。(3)12名日本人肯定在苏联，但在20世纪30年代失踪。(4)根据日本警方的记录，据说有20多名日本人在苏联，但我们没有关于他们的信息。这份约80名日本人的名单尚未完成。1937年至1939年S斯大林主义清洗达到顶峰时，日本人可能会更多，特别是在库页岛和符拉迪沃斯托克地区。当我们在俄罗斯发现新的秘密文件时，我们可以找到新的名字，因为大多数日本人是根据其他日本人的供词被捕的。他们梦想着有一个劳动人民的天堂，但他们在那里的移民导致了死亡或被关押在古拉格。在他们悲惨的生命结束仅60年后，他们的历史重新浮出水面。较少

In the 1920s and 1930s, there were about 100 Japanese who dreamed of living in "the paradise of the working class" and went to the USSR.These people were mainly communists, who were oppressed by the imperial police in Japan. There were also ordinary workers, intellectuals and artists who were not communist. They were organized and led by the Japanese Communist Party (the Japanese section of Comintern, the JCP), whose representatives in Moscow in the 1930s were Sen Katayama, Sanzo Nosaka (alias Susumu Okano) and Kenzo Yamamoto (alias Tanaka).After the death of Sen Katayama in November 1933, Sanzo Nosaka was sent to the USA in early 1934 and Kenzo Yamamoto became the top leader of the Japanese Communist group in the USSR.But Yamamoto was suddenly arrested as an "agent of Japanese Imperialism" by the Soviet secret police (NKVD) in November 1937 and was shot in March 1939. Almost all Japanese living in the USSR at the time faced the same destiny. Theexact number of victims is not yet known … More , but I now estimate there to have been about 86 Japanese. This study tried to trace this tragic history, based on newly found Russian documents. I summarize here the number of Japanese victims of the Stalinist purges in the 1920s and 1930s as presently known.(1) 32 Japanese victims are confirmed both by Russian documents and Japanese materials.(2) 15 Japanese were supposedly killed or oppressed according to Soviet documents.(3) 12 Japanese were definitely in the USSR,but went missing in the 1930s.(4) Over 20 Japanese were supposedly in the USSR according to Japanese police records, but we have no information on them thereafter.This list of about 80 Japanese is not yet complete. There might have been more Japanese particularly in the Sakhalin and Vladivostok area as the s Stalinist purge reached its peak in 1937-39. We can find new names when we find new secret documents in Russia, because most Japanese were arrested based on the confessions of other Japanese. They dreamed of a paradise for working people, but their emigration there resulted in death or internment in the gulag. Their history resurfaced only 60 years after their tragic lives ended. Less