The Scale and Mechanism of Japanese Victims of Stalinist Terror in the USSR in the 1930s

20世纪30年代苏联斯大林主义恐怖活动中日本受害者的规模和机制

• 批准号: 07620055
• 负责人: KATO Tetsuro
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: Hitotsubashi University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07620055/
• 关键词: USSR; Stalin; Communism; Nosaka, Sanzo; Yamamoto, Kenzo; Katayama, Sen; Kunizaki, Teido; Japanese Communist Party; 山本瑩蔵; 片山潜; 粛清; 強制収容所; 旧ソ連; 日本人粛清; 1930年代; 日ソ関係; 山本懸蔵

In the 1920s and 1930s, there were about 100 Japanese who dreamed of living in "the paradise of the working class" and went to the USSR.These people were mainly communists, who were oppressed by the imperial police in Japan. There were also ordinary workers, intellectuals and artists who were not communist. They were organized and led by the Japanese Communist Party (the Japanese section of Comintern, the JCP), whose representatives in Moscow in the 1930s were Sen Katayama, Sanzo Nosaka (alias Susumu Okano) and Kenzo Yamamoto (alias Tanaka).After the death of Sen Katayama in November 1933, Sanzo Nosaka was sent to the USA in early 1934 and Kenzo Yamamoto became the top leader of the Japanese Communist group in the USSR.But Yamamoto was suddenly arrested as an "agent of Japanese Imperialism" by the Soviet secret police (NKVD) in November 1937 and was shot in March 1939. Almost all Japanese living in the USSR at the time faced the same destiny. Theexact number of victims is not yet known … More , but I now estimate there to have been about 86 Japanese. This study tried to trace this tragic history, based on newly found Russian documents. I summarize here the number of Japanese victims of the Stalinist purges in the 1920s and 1930s as presently known.(1) 32 Japanese victims are confirmed both by Russian documents and Japanese materials.(2) 15 Japanese were supposedly killed or oppressed according to Soviet documents.(3) 12 Japanese were definitely in the USSR,but went missing in the 1930s.(4) Over 20 Japanese were supposedly in the USSR according to Japanese police records, but we have no information on them thereafter.This list of about 80 Japanese is not yet complete. There might have been more Japanese particularly in the Sakhalin and Vladivostok area as the s Stalinist purge reached its peak in 1937-39. We can find new names when we find new secret documents in Russia, because most Japanese were arrested based on the confessions of other Japanese. They dreamed of a paradise for working people, but their emigration there resulted in death or internment in the gulag. Their history resurfaced only 60 years after their tragic lives ended. Less

20世纪二三十年代，大约有100名日本人梦想生活在“工人阶级的天堂”，前往苏联，这些人主要是共产主义者，他们在日本受到帝国警察的压迫。也有普通工人、知识分子和艺术家不是共产主义者。他们是由日本共产党组织和领导的（共产国际的日本支部，JCP），其代表在莫斯科在20世纪30年代是片山千，野田三藏，（别名冈野进）和山本贤三（化名田中）。1933年11月片山千去世后，1934年初，野田三藏被派往美国，山本健三成为日本共产党驻苏联小组的最高领导人，但山本却突然以“日本帝国主义代理人”的身份被捕1937年11月被苏联秘密警察（NKVD）逮捕，1939年3月被枪杀。当时几乎所有生活在苏联的日本人都面临着同样的命运。遇难者的确切人数尚不清楚 ...更多信息 ，但我现在估计有大约86名日本人。本研究试图追溯这段悲惨的历史，根据新发现的俄罗斯文件。我在这里总结了目前已知的20世纪20年代和30年代斯大林主义清洗的日本受害者人数。(1)32名日本受害者被俄罗斯文件和日本材料证实。(2)根据苏联文件，15名日本人被杀害或压迫。(3)12名日本人肯定在苏联，但在20世纪30年代失踪。(4)根据日本警方的记录，当时在苏联的日本人应该有20多人，但此后我们就没有关于他们的信息了，这份大约80人的名单还不完整。可能有更多的日本人，特别是在萨哈林和海参崴地区，因为斯大林主义清洗在1937-39年达到顶峰。在俄罗斯发现新的秘密文件时，我们可以找到新的名字，因为大多数日本人是根据其他日本人的供词被捕的。他们梦想着劳动人民的天堂，但他们移民到那里的结果是死亡或被关押在古拉格。他们的悲惨生活结束后仅60年，他们的历史就重新浮出水面。少

项目成果

川上武・加藤哲郎: "人間 国崎定洞" 勁草書房, 408 (1995)

川上武和加藤哲郎：“人类国东佐道”Keiso Shobo，408（1995）