Meritocracy and Gender Bias

本文对151名成年人进行了问卷调查，作为对女性社会地位的调查。我们的最终目的是从性别的角度重新审视社会地位的概念，并以此研究为基础。随着社会分层或社会阶层研究的主题不断扩展，社会地位计量单位的讨论也随之产生。在日本，这种讨论是基于阶级意识的研究，地位分享模式（以家庭为单位的社会地位模式）被认为是女性的特征之一。首先，我们尝试了一种通过社会地位的估计来研究社会地位测量问题的调查方法。它的发现是；(1)适用于社会地位评估的规则取决于被评估人的归属，而不是取决于被评估人的性别；(2)在某些情况下，地位分享模型似乎对男性也有效。同时假设对女性社会地位的评价与职业模式的价值判断密切相关，因此我们试图通过对9个女性模型的评价来研究人们的意图。第一个发现是，我们不能简单地从“婚姻或工作”两个方面来把握人们的意图。第二，与意向有关的重要因素是男性的工作和女性的年龄。最后，从职业变动的角度探讨了职业地位的构建。因此，无论男性还是女性，在找工作时都要利用自己的人际网络。但它需要注意女性的工作变化情况。

We administered a questionnaire survey to 151 adults as an investigative survey about women's social status. Our final purpose is to reexamine the concept of social status from the gender perspective and we regard this research as a basis.As the studies on social stratification or social class extended its subject, the discussions about measuring unit of social status arose. In Japan such discussions were based upon the researches about class consciousness and, status-sharing model (the model of social status whose unit is a household) was regarded one of the characteristics of women. First we tried an investigative approach to the issue of social status measurement through the estimations of social status. Its findings are ; (1) the rules that applied to the estimations of social status depend on the ascription of a person to be estimated, not depend on the gender of a person to estimate, (2) in some cases status-sharing model seems valid to men also.It is also supposed that the estimation of the women's social status is deeply concerned with the judgment of value for career pattern, so we try to research the intention of people through the estimation for 9 women's models. The first finding is that we can't simply grasp the intention of people by the 2 divided aspects "marriage or job". The second is that the important element concerned with the intention is the job for men, and the age for women.Last, we focus on the construction of occupational status from the viewpoint of job-changes. Consequently, it is important for both men and women to use personal network when they searched job. But it needs to be careful the women's condition of job-changes.