THE STUDY OF SHAMANISM AND FOLK RELIGION IN EAST ASIA

上述研究仅限于东亚（中国大陆）。蒙古国.韩国和台湾）。本研究的目的是从比较的角度考察这些地区流行的萨满教文化的多样性，弄清它们的结构和特点，跟踪萨满教随着这些地区社会文化的变化而变化的程度，并尽可能对传统的萨满教研究框架提供一个新的视角。我们在实地调查的基础上完成了以下研究。（一）自中国“改革开放“以来，萨满教有明显的复兴。(2)但萨满教在中国大陆的复兴表现出不同地区的差异。在某些地区，萨满可以自由地举行仪式。相反，我们看到一些地区的萨满活动受到当局的严格限制（3）萨满专家的名字在不同的地区是如此不同。 关于我们 （4）萨满教与精神存在和其他世界的交流方式也表现出变化，这使得萨满教的理论概括成为不可能。(5)萨满的作用一般是预测未来和治疗疾病。这些活动得到了老百姓的支持。(6)萨满教与佛教的关系远比人们想象的要密切得多，因此，把萨满教与佛教一分为二，如大传统/小传统，萨满/祭司，并不总是合适的。(7)萨满教的仪式已经改变，可能是文化大革命的结果。(8)东亚各地区（蒙古、韩国、台湾）的萨满教也大致具有上述（4）、（5）、（6）、（7）所示的特征。在今后的研究中，我们打算从亚洲人的世界观的角度来考察萨满教，并阐明萨满教对亚洲人民生活的影响。少

The study above was limited to East Asia ( Mainland China . Mongolia . Korea and Taiwan ). The purpose of this study was to investigate the varieties of shamanistic cultures prevalent among these areas from a comparative point of view , clarify the structure and characteristics of them , follow up the degrees of change in shamanism in accordance with the socio-cultural changes in these areas , and if possible to offer a new viewpoint to the traditional framework of shamanistic studies In the past three years , we have accomplished the following research based on fieldwork .( I ) Since the beginning of " the Reform and Open-door Policy " in China , shamanism has revived conspicuously .(2) But the revival of shamanism in mainland China shows variations in different areas . There are areas in which shamans perform rituals freely . In contrast , we see areas where the activity of shamans is severely restricted by the authorities(3) The name of shamanic specialists is so different in differ … More ent areas that it seems difficult to use the general term to denote shamanic specialists(4) The way of shamanic communication with spiritual beings and the other worlds also shows variations and it makes impossible the theoretical generalization of shamanism .(5) The roles of shamans are generally to foretell the future and cure illnesses . And these activities are being supported by the common people .(6) The relationship between shamanism and Buddhism are supposed to be far closer than supposed so far So it is not always appropriate to make a dichotomy such as great tradition / little tradition , and shaman / priest .(7) Shamanistic rituals have changed , probably as a result of the Cultural Revolution .(8) Shamanisrn of various areas in East Asia (Mongolia, Korea, Taiwan) has also mostly the same characteristics as shown in the above (4) , (5) , (6) and (7) In future research , we intend to investigate shamanism in the perspective of Asian World-views and clarify the influence of shamanism upon the lives of the peoples in Asia . Less