The View of Life and Death in Long Life Society ; Rethinking of Okinawan Shamanism.

长寿社会的生死观；

• 批准号: 11610100
• 负责人: OHASHI Hideshi
• 金额: $ 1.98万
• 依托单位: Tohoku University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11610100/
• 关键词: shamanism; shaman; long life society; view of life and death; altered states of consciousness; 沖縄; 祖先祭祀; 老人介護

Now, Japan is one of the long life countries. Above all, Okinawa Prefecture is well-known as a long life society, especially women. We have a hypothesis that the longevity of Okinawan women is corelated with their everyday actions of ancestor worship and the indigeneous shamanism. So this project examined the proposition that the view of life and death supported by the indigenous, faith relieve the stress of death and consequently advances the the longevity of Okinawan women. The results are as follows.1. The previous theoris of the longevity of Okinawan Prefecture neglected the difference of man and woman.2. The cosmology, of Okinawan shamanism emphasizes the everlasting life after death and influences on the view of life and death of especially older womens.3. The customary prayer to God and ancestor bring the relaxation to older women.4. It is found that some of older women of the homes for the aged and hospitals experience a kind of altered states of consciousness periodically which functions as self healing.5. Older women see their own life as a pont of a continuum from ancestors to descendants. This senses may bring a stable self-concept to older women.In a word, shamanism is the coping system for many crisises cultivated by local culture, and shaman "Yuta" in Okinawa islands is a kind of "field counseler".

日本是长寿国家之一。最重要的是，冲绳县以长寿社会而闻名，尤其是女性。我们有一个假设，冲绳妇女的长寿与他们的祖先崇拜和土著萨满教的日常行为有关。因此，本研究旨在探讨冲绳原住民信仰所支持的生死观是否能缓解死亡的压力，从而提高冲绳女性的寿命。研究结果如下：1.以前冲绳县的长寿理论忽略了男女的差异.冲绳萨满教的宇宙观强调死后的永生，影响了特别是老年女性的生死观。对上帝和祖先的习惯性祈祷给老年妇女带来了放松。研究发现，部分老年妇女在养老院和医院中周期性地经历一种意识状态的改变，具有自我治疗的功能。老年妇女把自己的生命看作是从祖先到后代的连续体的一个蓬特。总之，萨满教是当地文化所培养的应对危机的系统，而冲绳的萨满“Yuta”则是一种“现场顾问”。

项目成果

Ohashi, Hideshi: "The heaking in Turuga and Okinawan shamanism"Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medecine. Vol. 40-6. 424-428 (2000)

Ohashi, Hideshi：“Turuga 和冲绳萨满教的恐惧”日本心身医学杂志。

大橋 英寿: "長寿沖縄の死生観-フィールドノートから-"緩和医療学. 4・1. 23-27 (2002)

Hidetoshi Ohashi：“长寿的冲绳人对生与死的看法 - 来自田野笔记 -” 4・1 (2002)。

Ohashi, Hideshi: "Tne view of life and death in Okinawa Islands"Japanese Journal of Palliative Medicine. Vol. 4-1. (2002)

Ohashi, Hideshi：“冲绳群岛的生死观”日本姑息医学杂志。

大橋 英寿: "津軽と沖縄のシャーマニズムにみる癒し"心身医学. 40-6. 424-428 (2000)

Hidetoshi Ohashi：“津轻和冲绳的萨满教中的治疗”《心身医学》40-6（2000）。

大橋英寿: "津軽と沖縄のシャーマニズムにみる癒し"心身医学. 40-6. 424-428 (2000)

Hidetoshi Ohashi：“津轻和冲绳的萨满教中的治疗”《心身医学》40-6（2000）。