Study on sweating from xenotransplanted human skin

一、1996年的实验结果在3个品系免疫缺陷小鼠背部移植的人皮肤上，采用皮内局部应用毛果芸香碱、肾上腺素和阿托品+毛果芸香碱的方法，检测了移植人体的汗腺功能。通过视频显微镜观察预先选择的曝气区的汗液反应。碘-淀粉反应可作为出现汗液运动的指标，并可用于评估观察区内汗水湿润的区域。在被测试的9只动物中，CB-17-SCID小鼠和BALB/CA-nu小鼠(Bala/CA-nu，SCID)之间的杂交似乎对局部药物刺激表现出最一致的出汗反应。经组织学检查，BALB/CA-nu，SCID系小鼠背部皮肤移植后，人皮肤内保存有汗腺。异种人皮肤移植提供了一种新的模式允许，不依赖于正常的…汗腺更多的神经支配，汗腺细胞分子受体的分析，天然递质和药物作用的转导。2.1997年实验系列I(16个实验16人)的实验结果。将标准浓度为100 mg/ml的乙酰胆碱与0.06、0.36、1.10 mg/ml的尼古丁、匹罗卡品、肾上腺素及血管活性肠肽(VIP)进行比较。胆碱能激动剂既能引起直接出汗反射(DIR)，又能引起运动性轴突反射(AXR)。肾上腺素可诱导弱的DIR，但不能引起AXR。当两种较高的VIP浓度时，DIR但不产生AXR，皮肤温度略有升高。在第一次VIP离子导入(0.36 mg/ml)后，引起DIR而不是AXR。受试者运动30min以诱导出汗。休息60分钟后，出汗消失，心率正常，但体温仍较高(口腔温度上升0.22ﾟC，皮肤温度上升0.67ﾟC)，表明体温调节状态有利于散热。VIP离子导入现在引起局部皮肤温度更大的升高，引起微弱但明显的AXR，潜伏期约为2.5min，DIR增加。较少

I.The experimental results of 1996In human skin transplanted to the back of 3 strains of immuno-deficient mice the function of the eccrine sweat glands of the human transplant was tested by topical intradermal application of pilocarpine, adrenaline and atropine + pilocarpine. Sweat responses were obseved in pre-selected fields of obaervation by means of video macroscope. The iodine starch reaction served as an indicator for the appearance of sweat sport and permitted the evaluation of areas wetted by sweat in the field of observation. Among 9 animals tested, the hybrids between the CB-17-scid mouse and the BALB/cA-nu mouse (BALA/cA-nu, scid) seemded to exhibit the most consistent sweating response to local pharmacological stimulation. According to histological examination, eccrine sweat glands were preserved in human skin stansplanted into the back skin of the BALB/cA-nu, scid mouse strain. The heterologous, human skin graft provides a novel moded permitting, independent of the normal … More sweat gland innervation, the analysis of moleculare receptors of sweat gland cells by which the actions of natural transmitters and pharmacological agents are transduced.II.The experimental results of 1997Experimental series I (16 experiments on 16 subjects). Acetylcholine iontophoresed at 100mg/ml standard concentration was compared with nicotine, pilocarpine, adrenaline and with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) at 3 different concentrations (0.06,0.36,1.10 mg/ml). Cholinergic agonists induced both direct sweating reflex (DIR) and sudomotor axon reflex (AXR) Adrenaline induced a weak DIR but no AXR.With the 2 higher VIP concentrations DIR but no AXR was produced, and skin temperatures increased slightly.Experimental seriesII (6 experiments on 6 subjects). After a first VIP iontophoresis at (0.36mg/ml) which elicited DIR but not AXR.The subjects exercised for 30 min to induce sweating. After 60 min rest, sweating had disappeard and heart rate was normal, but temperatures remained elevated (oral temperature by 0.22ﾟC,skin temperatures by 0.67ﾟC) indicating a thermoregulatory stated favoring heat dissipation. VIP iontophoresis now caused larger rises of local skin temperature, elicited weak but distinct AXR with a latency of about 2.5 min and an augmented DIR. Less