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Forensic Studies on Identification of a Hit-and-Run Vehicle

肇事逃逸车辆识别的法医学研究

基本信息

批准号：
08407015
负责人：
KISHI Koichiro
金额：
$ 9.47万
依托单位：
Gunma University School of Medicine
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08407015/
关键词：
Personal identification Genetic polymorphism Deoxyribonuclease Molecular biology Human genetics DNA polymorphism Enzyme デオキリシボ核酸分解酵素 cDNA STR DNase I PCR 親子鑑定遺伝子構造

项目摘要

1.Human deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) polymorphism has been demonstrated to be an extremely useful genetic marker for personal identification in the forensic field. We have developed a novel DNase I-genotyping system using the polymerase chain reaction. The high sensitivity and specificity of this genotyping method allowed us to survey DNase I-polymorphism in small DNA samples.2.The fifth allele, DNASE1^<**>5, of human DNase I has been discovered in a Japanese population, and consequently, DNase I-polymorphism can be classified into 15 different phenotypes. In addition to these protein polymorphisms, a new polymorphic site due to a C-G substitution has been identified in intron 7 of the human DNase I gene. These findings permit the ability of DNase I-polymorphism in personal identification to be further enhanced.3.Caucasian and Negroid populations were classified into several DNase I phenotypes. Genetic polymorphism of human DNase I was world-wide. Furthermore, we have clarified the pr … More esence of significant differences in DNase I polymorphism between populations.4.We have surveyed useful genetic markers for personal identification in human body fluids hitherto. Since salivary and seminal alpha-2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG) was reproducibly phenotypable, AHSG typing could provide an additional discriminate characteristic in the forensic examination of semen and saliva samples. We have determined the DNase I phenotype from both liquid sweat samples and sweat stains on used socks. Therefore, we have shown that the DNase I polymorphism is the genetic marker very effective and indispensable for criminal investigation of sweat-adhered items.5.We have succeeded in cloning of a full-length cDNA encoding human DNase II which was elucidated by us to exhibit a genetic polymorphism previously. Furthermore, the DNase II gene (DNASE2) could be assigned to 19p13.2-p13.1.This was the first report of the cloning and characterization of a cDNA for mammalian DNase II.6.We have determined the structure of the respective full-length cDNA encoding rabbit and mouse DNases I.Immunological and biochemical comparison between mammlian DNases I allowed us to construct the molecular evolutional tree of these DNases I.Considering these findings, DNase I-polymorphism has been confirmed to be the most useful and effective genetic marker suited for personal identification on forensic materials adhered to suspected hit-and-run vehicles. Less

1.人类脱氧核糖核酸酶I(DNase I)基因多态性在法医学领域被证明是一种非常有用的个人识别遗传标记。我们利用聚合酶链式反应开发了一种新的DNA酶I基因分型系统。2.在日本人群中发现了人类DNase I的第五个等位基因DNase1^&lt；**&gt；5，因此，DNase I-多态可分为15种不同的表型。除了这些蛋白质的多态外，在人类DNase I基因的第7内含子中还发现了一个由于C-G替换而产生的新的多态位点。这些发现使得DNase I多态在个人识别中的能力进一步增强。3.高加索人和黑人群体被划分为几个DNase I表型。人类DNase I的遗传多态在世界范围内都存在。此外，我们已经澄清了pr…4.到目前为止，我们已经在体液中调查了用于个人识别的有用的遗传标记。由于唾液和精液α-2-HS糖蛋白(AHSG)是可重复表型的，因此AHSG分型可以在精液和唾液样本的法医检验中提供一个额外的鉴别特征。我们已经从液体汗液样本和旧袜子上的汗渍中确定了DNase I的表型。因此，我们证明DNase I多态性是非常有效的遗传标记，对于汗液粘着物品的刑事调查是不可或缺的。5.我们成功地克隆了编码人类DNase II的全长cDNA，这是我们先前阐明的具有遗传多态的基因。此外，DNase II基因(DNase 2)可归属于19p13.2-p13.1。这是首次报道哺乳动物DNase II基因的克隆和鉴定。我们确定了编码兔和小鼠DNase的全长cDNA的结构。通过哺乳动物DNase I的免疫学和生化比较，我们可以构建这些DNase的分子进化树。考虑到这些发现，DNase I多态被证实是最有用和有效的遗传标记，适用于疑似肇事逃逸车辆的法医材料的个人识别。较少