Forensic Studies on Identification of a Hit-and-Run Vehicle

1.人类脱氧核糖核酸酶I （DNase I）多态性已被证明是一个非常有用的遗传标记，在法医领域的个人身份。我们利用聚合酶链反应开发了一种新的dna酶i基因分型系统。这种基因分型方法的高灵敏度和特异性使我们能够在小样本DNA中调查DNA酶i多态性。在日本人群中发现了人类dna酶I的第五个等位基因DNASE1^<**>5，从而将dna酶I多态性划分为15种不同的表型。除了这些蛋白质多态性外，在人类dna酶I基因的内含子7中发现了一个由于C-G取代而产生的新多态性位点。这些发现使得dna酶i多态性在个人识别中的能力进一步增强。白种人和黑人群体被划分为几种DNase I表型。人类dna酶I的遗传多态性是世界性的。此外，我们还进一步阐明了不同种群间dna酶I多态性显著差异的本质。迄今为止，我们已经调查了人体体液中有用的个人识别遗传标记。由于唾液和精液α -2- hs糖蛋白（AHSG）具有可重复性表型，因此AHSG分型可以在精液和唾液样本的法医检查中提供额外的区分特征。我们已经从液体汗液样本和旧袜子上的汗渍中确定了dna酶I表型。因此，我们已经证明，dna酶I多态性是非常有效的遗传标记，不可缺少的汗液粘附物的刑事调查。我们成功克隆了一个编码人类dna酶II的全长cDNA，该cDNA先前已被我们证实具有遗传多态性。此外，DNase II基因（DNASE2）可能被分配到19p13.2-p13.1。本文首次报道了哺乳动物dna酶ⅱcDNA的克隆与鉴定。我们已经确定了编码兔和小鼠dna酶I的全长cDNA的结构。通过对哺乳动物dna酶I的免疫和生化比较，我们构建了这些dna酶I的分子进化树。考虑到这些发现，dna酶I多态性已被证实是最有用和最有效的遗传标记，适合于对可疑肇事逃逸车辆粘附的法医材料进行个人鉴定。少

1.Human deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) polymorphism has been demonstrated to be an extremely useful genetic marker for personal identification in the forensic field. We have developed a novel DNase I-genotyping system using the polymerase chain reaction. The high sensitivity and specificity of this genotyping method allowed us to survey DNase I-polymorphism in small DNA samples.2.The fifth allele, DNASE1^<**>5, of human DNase I has been discovered in a Japanese population, and consequently, DNase I-polymorphism can be classified into 15 different phenotypes. In addition to these protein polymorphisms, a new polymorphic site due to a C-G substitution has been identified in intron 7 of the human DNase I gene. These findings permit the ability of DNase I-polymorphism in personal identification to be further enhanced.3.Caucasian and Negroid populations were classified into several DNase I phenotypes. Genetic polymorphism of human DNase I was world-wide. Furthermore, we have clarified the pr … More esence of significant differences in DNase I polymorphism between populations.4.We have surveyed useful genetic markers for personal identification in human body fluids hitherto. Since salivary and seminal alpha-2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG) was reproducibly phenotypable, AHSG typing could provide an additional discriminate characteristic in the forensic examination of semen and saliva samples. We have determined the DNase I phenotype from both liquid sweat samples and sweat stains on used socks. Therefore, we have shown that the DNase I polymorphism is the genetic marker very effective and indispensable for criminal investigation of sweat-adhered items.5.We have succeeded in cloning of a full-length cDNA encoding human DNase II which was elucidated by us to exhibit a genetic polymorphism previously. Furthermore, the DNase II gene (DNASE2) could be assigned to 19p13.2-p13.1.This was the first report of the cloning and characterization of a cDNA for mammalian DNase II.6.We have determined the structure of the respective full-length cDNA encoding rabbit and mouse DNases I.Immunological and biochemical comparison between mammlian DNases I allowed us to construct the molecular evolutional tree of these DNases I.Considering these findings, DNase I-polymorphism has been confirmed to be the most useful and effective genetic marker suited for personal identification on forensic materials adhered to suspected hit-and-run vehicles. Less