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Forensic Studies on Identification of a Hit-and-Run Vehicle

肇事逃逸车辆识别的法医学研究

基本信息

批准号：
08407015
负责人：
KISHI Koichiro
金额：
$ 9.47万
依托单位：
Gunma University School of Medicine
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08407015/
关键词：
Personal identification Genetic polymorphism Deoxyribonuclease Molecular biology Human genetics DNA polymorphism Enzyme デオキリシボ核酸分解酵素 cDNA STR DNase I PCR 親子鑑定遺伝子構造

项目摘要

1.Human deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) polymorphism has been demonstrated to be an extremely useful genetic marker for personal identification in the forensic field. We have developed a novel DNase I-genotyping system using the polymerase chain reaction. The high sensitivity and specificity of this genotyping method allowed us to survey DNase I-polymorphism in small DNA samples.2.The fifth allele, DNASE1^<**>5, of human DNase I has been discovered in a Japanese population, and consequently, DNase I-polymorphism can be classified into 15 different phenotypes. In addition to these protein polymorphisms, a new polymorphic site due to a C-G substitution has been identified in intron 7 of the human DNase I gene. These findings permit the ability of DNase I-polymorphism in personal identification to be further enhanced.3.Caucasian and Negroid populations were classified into several DNase I phenotypes. Genetic polymorphism of human DNase I was world-wide. Furthermore, we have clarified the pr … More esence of significant differences in DNase I polymorphism between populations.4.We have surveyed useful genetic markers for personal identification in human body fluids hitherto. Since salivary and seminal alpha-2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG) was reproducibly phenotypable, AHSG typing could provide an additional discriminate characteristic in the forensic examination of semen and saliva samples. We have determined the DNase I phenotype from both liquid sweat samples and sweat stains on used socks. Therefore, we have shown that the DNase I polymorphism is the genetic marker very effective and indispensable for criminal investigation of sweat-adhered items.5.We have succeeded in cloning of a full-length cDNA encoding human DNase II which was elucidated by us to exhibit a genetic polymorphism previously. Furthermore, the DNase II gene (DNASE2) could be assigned to 19p13.2-p13.1.This was the first report of the cloning and characterization of a cDNA for mammalian DNase II.6.We have determined the structure of the respective full-length cDNA encoding rabbit and mouse DNases I.Immunological and biochemical comparison between mammlian DNases I allowed us to construct the molecular evolutional tree of these DNases I.Considering these findings, DNase I-polymorphism has been confirmed to be the most useful and effective genetic marker suited for personal identification on forensic materials adhered to suspected hit-and-run vehicles. Less

1.人类脱氧核糖核酸酶I（DNase I）多态性已被证明是一个非常有用的遗传标记，在法医学领域的个人识别。我们已经开发了一种新的DNA酶I基因分型系统，使用聚合酶链反应。该基因分型方法的高灵敏度和特异性使我们能够在小的DNA样本中检测DNA酶I多态性。2.在日本人群中发现了人类DNA酶I的第五个等位基因DNASE 1 ^**>5，因此，DNA酶I多态性可分为15种不同的表型。除了这些蛋白质多态性，一个新的多态性位点，由于C-G取代已被确定在内含子7的人DNA酶I基因。这些发现使得DNase I多态性在个体识别中的能力进一步增强。3.白种人和黑人被分为几种DNase I表型。人类DNA酶I的遗传多态性是世界性的。此外，我们还澄清了PR ...更多信息 DNA酶I多态性在不同人群中存在显著差异。4.我们调查了迄今为止在人类体液中用于个人识别的有用遗传标记。由于唾液和精液α-2-HS糖蛋白（AHSG）是可重复的表型，AHSG分型可以提供一个额外的鉴别特征，在法医学检查的精液和唾液样本。我们已经确定了DNA酶I表型从液体汗液样本和用过的袜子上的汗渍。因此，我们已经表明，DNA酶I多态性是一个非常有效的和不可缺少的遗传标记的刑事调查的汗水粘附物品。5.我们已经成功地克隆了全长cDNA编码的人DNA酶II，这是我们以前阐明的表现出遗传多态性。此外，委员会认为，DNA酶Ⅱ基因（DNASE 2）定位于19p13.2-p13.1。这是首次报道哺乳动物DNA酶Ⅱ cDNA的克隆和鉴定。兔和小鼠DNA酶的全长cDNA I.通过免疫学和生化学比较，构建了这两种DNA酶的分子进化树考虑到这些发现，DNA酶I多态性已被证实是最有用和最有效的遗传标记，适合于个人身份识别的法医材料粘附在可疑的肇事逃逸车辆。少