Development of Conversion Process of Waste Plastics Mixture Contained in Household Waste to Fuels

废塑料是一种廉价而丰富的化学品和能源，其数量不断增加，造成了严重的污染问题。将废塑料转化为有用的碳氢化合物和塑料单体的化学回收方法被认为是一种有用的方法。工厂产生的废弃物几乎都是特定的树脂，针对每种塑料正在建立化学回收技术。然而，生活垃圾是废旧塑料的混合物，而且含有大量的水分和金属、骨头等垃圾。针对工厂生产的每种塑料开发的技术几乎不适用于家庭垃圾。本工作的主要目标是开发一种化学回收技术，从这些家庭废弃塑料中回收有用的碳氢化合物。通过本课题的研究工作，得到以下主要结果：1.不同类型的煤热解有不同的热解机理 关于我们 这导致难以建立有效的方法来热解塑料混合物。针对废弃物中的水分和塑料中存在的酯、醚等化学键，开发了一种新的热解方法，即在水蒸气气氛中强化塑料的水解。在此条件下，塑料的分解速度加快，没有碳质残留物。2.从PET、PBT和热塑性塑料中产生的升华物，如对苯二甲酸，对化工回收装置造成严重的管道堵塞。我们成功地制备了一种铁催化剂，它能有效地将升华物转化为有用的化学品，如苯酚、甲酚和苯。用该催化剂对PE和PET混合物进行了连续分解。产品中无升华物。所得油在Ni/REY沸石催化剂上裂化，生产煤油。少

Increasing amount of waste plastics which causes serious pollution problem is a cheap and abundant source of chemicals and energy. The chemical recycling method, which converts waste plastics to useful hydrocarbons and monomers of the plastics is recognized as a useful approach. The waste generated from factories is almost a specific resin, and the chemical recycle technology is being established for each plastics. Hoever, the waste generated from household is mixture of the waste plastics, furthermore contain large amount of moisture and refuse such as metal and bones. The technology developed for each plastics from factories is scarcely applicable for the waste from household. The main objective of this work is to develop a chemical recycle technology to recover useful hydrocarbons from these waste plastics from household. Through the research work conducted in this project, the following results were obtained :1.There are different pyrolytic mechanisms corresponding to the kind of p … More lastics, leading to the difficulty to establish the effective method to pyrolyze the mixture of plastics. In view of the moisture in the waste and the chemical bonds such as ester and ether in plastics, we develop a new pyrolysis method, with which the hydrolysis of plastics is enhanced in steam atmosphere. Under the conditions, the decomposition rate of plastics is accelerated and no carbonaceous residue is left. Furthemore, the apparent pyrolysis rates of different plastics look like almost the same rate.2.Sublimate materials, such as terephthalic acid are generated from PET,PBT and thermo-plasticizer, cause a serious pipe-blockage for plants of the chemical recycle. We succeeded to prepare an iron catalyst which effectively converted sublimate materials into useful chemicals, e.g.phenol, cresol and benzene. The continuous decomposition of the mixture of PE and PET was conducted using the catalyst. There was no sublimate materials in the product. The oil obtained was cracked over Ni/REY zeolite catalyst, producing kerosene. Less