General Equilibrium Analysis of Intervention and Competition for Transport Markets under Growing Internationsal Economic Liberalization and Policy Recommendations

本研究的目的是系统地分析运输市场的变化，并考察在世界经济已经自由化的情况下，政府干预市场的必要性。主要结论如下：1.区域经济一体化进程中可能会产生各种新的交通需求。因为规模经济下的产业发展需要尽可能广泛的市场，而且区域经济一体化可以作为其基本条件。2.对交通运输进行的部分均衡分析表明，与国际经济日益自由化相反，从环境问题的存在和公用事业投资的时机来提高社会福利的角度来看，关于减少政府角色的讨论没有那么突出，因为从提高社会福利的角度来看，政府应该扮演新的角色。3.一般均衡分析是同时考虑运输业和其他经济活动，理论上强调寡头垄断企业之间的战略相互依赖而不是完美的竞争模型是分析所必需的，具体地说，制造商作为托运人的最优行为在很大程度上受到运输企业寡头垄断的影响。至于未来的研究，企业活动特别重视网络外部性，我们应该研究政府如何应对不同特征的企业和行业之间日益增强的互补性，以及产品和服务之间日益增长的相互兼容性。

The present research has been conducted to systematically analyze changes in transportation markets and to examine necessity of government intervention to markets in the presence of preceding liberalization in the world economy. We have obtained three major coclusions as follows.1.It has bocome clear that the regional economic integration in progress possibly sreates various kind of new demand for transportation. Because the development of industries under economies of scale requires as much wider markets as possible, and it has been revealed that integration among regional economies can be used as its basic condition.2.Partial equilibrium analyzes on transportation were surveyed and it shows that, contrary to the growing liberalization of international economy, discussions for decreasing government roles are less prominent than the assertions of new roles for government from the point of view for raising social welface in the presence of environmental issues and the timing of investment in public utilities. However, in the case of airline service, pro-liberalization arguments are better accepted, for consumers benefit from decreased air fares free from traditional government regulations.3.The general equilibrium analysis is to include transport industry and other economic activities simultaneously, and it is theoretically emphasized that the strategic interdependence among oligopolistic firms rather than perfect competition models is indispensable in the analysis and specifically the optimal behavior for manufactures as shippers is highly affected by the oligopoly among shipping firms in transportation.As for future research, corporate activities especially make much of network externalities and we should examine how governments can cope with increased complementality among firms and industries with different characters and with growing mutual compatibility in products and services.