A study for establishment of judging periodontal disease activity

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in periodontal disease. Gingiva was biopsied at tooth extraction or periodontal surgery after examining clinical parameters. Serial paraffin sections were obtained and every five sections were stained immunohistologically with anti-IFN-gamma or IL-4 monoclonal antibody. The specimens were divided into three groups ; no treatment (NT) obtained at tooth extraction, treatment 1 (T1) obtained at periodontal surgery with deep pocket, and treatment 2 (T2) with shallow pocket. Then the number of IFN-gamma bearing cells was highest in NT and that in T2 was the next. When the specimens were grouped with bleeding on probing (Bop), the number of IFN-gamma bearing cells was higher in Bop+. Furthermore, the number of IFN-gamma bearing cells was higher in the gingiva with strong inflammatory cell infiltration than that with weak one. On the other hand, IL-4 bearing cells showed opposite tendency. These findings suggested that IFN-gamma is related with activation of periodontal disease and IL-4 plays the suppressive role in periodontal disease activity.