Lectin-induced enhancement of superoxide anion production by red tide plankton, Chattonella marina

Marina Chattonella，一种迷幻植物，是最有害的红色潮汐植物植物之一，对鱼来说毒性极高，尤其是黄色尾巴Seriola Quinqueradiata。还有查托尼拉细菌毒性作用的精确机制仍然不明确，它被证明是在暴露到C后的鱼的氧部分压力中的降解，是在鱼的最早的生理学分离观测到的。Marina，“向C.提出的鱼的生理学和历史学研究”。Marina还提出了一个通过氧气转移的抑制水流动的障碍，通过Gill Lamellae捕获了一个高级麝香干扰，结果在石棉中。最近的研究显示了查托内拉spp。生成反应性氧物质（ROS），如O2-、H2 O2和羟基自由基（·OH）。更进一步，它已经报道了异构体Akashiwo，它也被归类为类似物酶，生产ROS，并展示了对彩虹鳟鱼的氧-基-介导的毒性效应 ... More nchus mykiss。所以，很可能，ROS的生产是一个常见的图形异黄酮的特征。在目前的研究中，我们发现了类似于concanavalin A （Con A）、wheat germ agglutinin （WGA）和castor bean hemagglutinin （CBH）刺激的Lectins。Marina和H. Akashiwo将产生一个增强的O2剂量-以一种集中化的附属礼仪。特定于Lectin-specific sugars可能会抑制O2-生产的Lectin-inducuced增加，建议Lectins的影响主要通过Flagellate细胞表面上的这些Lectins与碳酸氢钠活力的相互作用。In contrast to the potent ability of native Con A （tetravalent）， succinylated Con A （divalent） showed only slight stimulative effect on these flagellates。O2-生产完全被抑制在30分钟内处理蛋白质K，而没有影响到碎片的活性。这些结果建议说，细胞表面还原酶可能会在O2-生产中发生，而这一酶对Lectin-刺激是负责任的。Less（低）

Chattonella marina, a raphidophycean flagellate, is one of the most noxious red tide phytoplankton and is highly toxic to fish, especially to yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. Although the precise mechanism of the toxic action of Chattonella sp. remains unclear, it has been demonstrated that a decrease in oxygen partial pressure of arterial blood is the earliest physiological disturbance observed in fish after exposure to C. marina, Physiological and histological studies of fish exposed to C. marina also suggested that the blockade of respiratory water flow through the gill lamellae caused by excessive mucus interferes with O2 transfer, resulting in asphyxia. Recent studies have shown that Chattonella spp. Generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2-, H2O2, and hydroxyl radical (・OH). Furthermore, it has been reported that Heterosigma akashiwo, which is also classified in a raphidophycean, produces ROS, and showed an oxygen-radical-mediated toxic effect on rainbow trout, Oncorhy … More nchus mykiss. Thus, it is likely that the production of ROS is a common feature of raphidophycean flagellates. In the present study, we found that lectins such as concanavalin A (Con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and castor bean hemagglutinin (CBH) stimulated C. marina and H. akashiwo to generate enhanced amounts of O2- in a concentration dependent manner. The lectin-specific sugars potently inhibited the lectin-induced increase of O2-production, suggesting that the effects of lectins are mediated mainly through the interaction of these lectins with carbohydrate moiety present on the flagellate cell surface. In contrast to the potent ability of native Con A (tetravalent), succinylated Con A (divalent) showed only slight stimulative effect on these flagellates. O2- production was totally inhibited by treatment with proteinase K for 30 min, without affecting the viabilities of flagellates. These results suggest that cell-surface redox enzyme may be involved in O2- production, and such enzyme is responsible for the lectin-stimulation. Less