DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL APPLICATION OF IMPLANTABLE WEARABLE ARTIFICIAL ENDOCRINE PANCREAS WITH A TELEMETRY GLUCOSE MONITORING SYSTEM

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For continuous monitoring glucose concentration in ambulant diabetic patients, a telemetry glucose monitoring system with a needle-type glucose sensor has been developed. The system consists of a sensor transmitter that converts current signals generated in a needle-type glucose sensor to high-frequency audio-signals and receiver that continuously calculates glucose concentrations from the received audio signals. The transmitter, packed with a current-voltage-converting amplifier, a voltage-frequency converter, and a battery. The receiver demodulates the audiofrequency signal to a voltage and the glucose concentration calculated from the voltage is continuously displayed in the LED display. Hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia beyond the prefixed threshold is alarmed by sound. The receiver is composed of a VHF oscillator, a frequency modulator, electric filters, a frequency-voltage converter, and an alarm circuit and batteries. The receiver catches the sensor signal within 20 m of the transmitter.The noise range of a monitoring record with the telemetry system was smaller than that with a wire-connected telemetry system, the wearable artificial endocrine pancreas.Continuous glucose monitoring of normal animal subjects revealed that a significant correlation existed between the subcutaneous tissue glucose concentration and the plasma glucose concentration measured simultaneously in each animal.These data indicate and suggest the usefulness of le telemetry glucose monitoring system in glycemic control of diabetic individuals.