Construction of the scales for amae-engager type and amae-related processes and analysis of cognitive and emotional processes in amae behaviors/interactions

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1.A theory of amae-engager typology proposed : We proposed a theory of amae typology, which assumes that the type of amae-engagers be determined by the combination of Self and Other views by their valence (Positive vs. Negative), resulting in 4 different types of amae engagers -Types A : P+P, Type B : P+N, C : N+P, and D : N+N.2.Construction of the amae-engager type scale : Based upon the theory, we developed a forced choice self-report scale of amae-engager types. The frequency distribution of amae-engager types was found to be Type A (30%), B (16%), C (43%) and D (11%). ANCOVA analyses revealed that Types A and B scored higher than Types C and D on a self view scale (self esteem) and Types A and C socred higher on Kato's Other View scale than other types, supporting the scale's theoretical construct validity.3.Amae type differences of amae attitudes, cognitive processes and emotions during amae interactions : To examine different components involved in amae behaviors which are hypothesized in Kato's models (1995), three scales were developed for amae attitudes, cognitive processes, and emotions. It was found that Type A showed almost consistently an opposite pattern of Type B on those scales, while Types C and D were distinct only on several subscales that are specific to those types.4.An analysis of laypeople's concepts of amae and amaesase : To extend Kato's quantitative and qualitative (1995, 1998), we content-analyzed lay person's concepts not only of amae but also of amaesase, and found components of amae and amaesase processes.5.A content analysis of attachment behaviors in young adults : To elucidate the distinct characteristics of amae, its similar and relevant concept, attachment behavior, was examined with content analysis, focusing on the content, situation, motives, and attachment objects of attachment behaviors in college students.