Comparative Study on the Structure and Change of the Grass-roots in Asian Societies: Cases of Japan and Indonesia

通过对日本的Chonaikai和印度尼西亚的RT/RW进行的一系列实地调查，我们的发现如下；(1)以社区为基础的组织和团体构成了一个多层的社会，振兴了居民的生活世界。(2)Chonaikai和RT/RW，它们是在“自上而下”的制度背景下。(3)虽然DKI雅加达的许多RT/RW基本上是由行政部门动员的组织，但它们的功能是：部分作为一种安全网。(4)日本Chonaikai正在衰落，并作为最低层的行政组织或“NAJIMI舒丹”(友谊团体)生存。(5)在日本，社区作为一个整体趋于分化，而在印度尼西亚，特别是DKI雅加达，它变得更有凝聚力。

Our findings which were acquired by a series of.field surveys on Japan's chonaikai and Indonesia's RT/RW, are as follows;(1)Community based organizations and groups constitute a multistoried society and revitalize the inhabitant's life world.(2)As for chonaikai and RT/RW, they are in the context of institution 'from above'.(3)Though many RT/RWs in DKI Jakarta are organizations mobilized by the administrations basically, they function: as a sort of safety net in part.(4)Japan's chonaikai are on the decline and survive as a lowest administrative organization or 'najimi shudan' (friendship group).(5)Community as a whole tends to differentiate in Japan, while it become more cohesive in Indonesia, especially DKI Jakarta.