Comparative Study on the Structure and Change of the Grass-roots in Asian Societies: Cases of Japan and Indonesia

通过对日本的村内会和印度尼西亚的RT/RW的一系列实地调查，我们发现：（1）社区组织和团体构成了一个多层次的社会，并使居民的生活世界重新活跃起来。(2)As对全内会和RT/RW来说，它们是在“自上而下”的制度背景下。（3）虽然雅加达的许多RT/RW基本上是由行政部门动员的组织，但它们的作用是：部分地作为一种安全网。（4）日本的忠内会正在走向衰落，作为最低层的行政组织或“纳治见书团”（友谊团体）而存在。（5）日本的社区整体上趋于分化，而印度尼西亚的社区整体上趋于凝聚，尤其是雅加达的DKI。

Our findings which were acquired by a series of.field surveys on Japan's chonaikai and Indonesia's RT/RW, are as follows;(1)Community based organizations and groups constitute a multistoried society and revitalize the inhabitant's life world.(2)As for chonaikai and RT/RW, they are in the context of institution 'from above'.(3)Though many RT/RWs in DKI Jakarta are organizations mobilized by the administrations basically, they function: as a sort of safety net in part.(4)Japan's chonaikai are on the decline and survive as a lowest administrative organization or 'najimi shudan' (friendship group).(5)Community as a whole tends to differentiate in Japan, while it become more cohesive in Indonesia, especially DKI Jakarta.