Development of anti-tick vaccine

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Maintenance of mammalian homeostatic balance is a multi-faced process involving an interaction of many proteins, however the need for a balance and coordinated interaction of many proteins, however the need for a balance and coordinated interaction between members of the serine proteinase super family and their inhibitors, known as serpins occupy a central role. In mammalian systems where extensive data exists, both serine proteinases and serpins are known to regulate such important functions as the blood coagulation cascade, fibrinolysis, food digestion, fertilization, inflammatory and immune responses. Imbalances or deficiencies in function of either serine proteinases or serpins have resulted in diseases. Ticks encode proteinases or serpins to disrupt the host homeostatic balance to their advantage.For this reason, we examined the molecular cloning of tick-encoded serpins as a candidate for tick vaccine. By using rapid amplification of the cDNA (RACE method), two genes (HLS l and HLS 2) from H. longicornis were cloned. Both recombinant HLS l and 2 showed the anti-coagulant activities. Vaccinaion of rabbits with either recombinant HLS 1 or 2 expressed in Escherichia coli resulted in significant anti-tick immunity.At present, we have characterized 4 tick salivary gland proteins whose recombinant products were effective against tick. We are planning to use these 4 cocktail vaccine for prevent the transmission of pathogens.