权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

A Historical Analysis on Boards of Directors and Corporate Governances of Giant Corporations in the United States

美国大公司董事会与公司治理的历史分析

基本信息

批准号：
12630078
负责人：
TANIGUCHI Akitake
金额：
$ 2.11万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this research is to understand the historical transition of corporate governances of giant corporations in the United States through the examination of careers of their directors and officers for 100 years from 1900 to 2000. In order to do so, a data base on their careers of the 25 largest corporations was compiled for every 20 years from 1899.Analyses on directors show transitions from the owners control in the early 20^<th> Century to the management control through the managerial revolution, and to the restoration of stockholder sovereignty. However, what is now going on is requiring more research.Next, analyses on officers were conducted. Because the overwhelming majority of officers had already been occupied by internally-promoted managers before World War II, it would not be wrong to say that the managerial revolution in officers had almost completed before then.The lenth of service and academic background of officers are main issues on officers after World War II. Analyses on service term make it clear that the internal labor market for managers and officers had been established through internal promotion systems before 1959. However, data in 1999 shows the external labor market has begun to be used actively instead of the internal one.After World War II, almost all officers had bachelor's degrees, and they began to have higher degrees. Recently, the degree that officers were required seems to become master. This imply that managers and officers armed with professional knowledge instead of firm-specific one have began to behave actively in the external market.Ultimately, it can be said that the recent change above mentioned is shaking the management control which has been prevail in corporate governances.

本研究的目的是通过对1900年至2000年100年间美国大公司董事和高级管理人员职业生涯的考察，了解美国大公司治理的历史变迁。从1899年开始，每隔20年对25家最大公司的董事生涯进行一次统计分析。对董事的分析表明，公司从20世纪初的所有者控制<th>到管理者控制，经过管理革命，再到股东主权的恢复。但是，现在发生的事情需要更多的研究。由于二战前绝大多数军官已经被内部提拔的管理人员所占据，因此可以说，军官的管理革命在二战前已经基本完成。军官的服役年限和学历是二战后军官的主要问题。对服务期的分析表明，在1959年以前，管理人员和干部的内部劳动力市场是通过内部晋升制度建立起来的。然而，1999年的数据显示，外部劳动力市场开始被积极利用，而不是内部劳动力市场。第二次世界大战后，几乎所有军官都拥有学士学位，他们开始拥有更高的学位。最近，军官所需的学位似乎变成了硕士。这意味着拥有专业知识的经理和管理人员开始在外部市场上积极行动，而不是特定于公司的知识。最终，可以说，最近的上述变化正在动摇公司治理中占主导地位的管理控制。