Change in expression of c-fos and c-jun gene family in carcinogenesis of the oral mucosa.

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It is difficult to differentiate which precancerous lesions are going to malignant tumors. To differentiate the precancerous lesions which are going to malignant tumors from those which remain not to be malignant, we studied the expression pattern of oncogenes, c-fos and c-jun, immunohistochemically about various oral lesions : squamous cell carcinoma, leucoplakia, lichen planus, papilloma, etc.The clinical materials were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin and cut in 5μ thickness by a microtome. After incubation with anti-c-Fos and c-Jun antibody, the sections were stained by rhodamine-conjugated IgG for c-Fos and by FITC-conjugated IgG for c-Jun at the same time, and observed by a fluorescent microscopy.Stainability of the epithelial lesions was divided into c-Fos(+)/c-Jun(+), c-Fos(+)/c-Jun(-), c-Fos(-)/c-Jun(+) and c-Fos(-)/c-Jun(-).c-Fos(+)/c-Jun(+) cells were observed beneath the keratinized layer and sporadically at the basal cell layer of the normal oral mucosa, leucoplakia and lichen planus lesions. C-Fos(+)/c-Jun(-) cells were detected in few cases of normal oral mucosa, but in the squamous cell carcinoma of infiltrative tendency, some parts of leucoplakia and lichen planus lesions with down growth tendency. C-Fos(-)/c-Jun(+) cells were observed scatteringly in the squamous cell carcinoma with frequent mitosis.From the above findings it may be suggested that the lesions of leucoplakia and lichen plamus with c-Fos(+)/c-Jun(-) cells have a tendency to change into malignancy.