Studies on infection cycles of newly emerging and re-emerging diseases of fishes

鱼类新发和再发疾病感染周期的研究

• 批准号: 14206024
• 负责人: OGAWA Kazuo
• 金额: $ 28.2万
• 依托单位: THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14206024/
• 关键词: emerging disease; Neoheterobothrium; birnavirus; cold water disease; white spot disease; microsporidium; wild fish; cultured fish

1.Field investigation of the flounder birnavirus and VHSV among wild marine fishes showed that aquabirnavirus was isolated from horse mackerel, Japanese flounder and dark banded rockfish, and that VHSV was detected from Japanese flounder and sand lance. All isolates of VHSV except one belonged to Genogroup 3 (American genogroup). VHSV was easily transmitted by water-borne route from infected to uninfected fish, suggesting that the infection cycle completed between wild and cultured flounder.2.Occurrences of Neoheterobothrium hirame in 0-and 1-year-old Japanese flounder in Miyako Bay, Iwate Prefecture and Obama Bay, Fukui Prefecture were surveyed. In both areas, infection levels in both wild and released flounders were high in winter and low in summer and were several fold higher in Obama than in Miyako.3.Twenty three isolates of Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative bacterium of cold-water disease, were found in wild freshwater fishes (crucian carp, dace and ayu). We tried to apply the 5 isolates of bacteriolytic phages from ayu farms as biological control of cold-water disease.4.Sedimentation velocity and time required for the cyst formation of the protomont of Cryptocaryon irritans was determined. The determined values indicate that the parasite cyst is formed on the sea bed and the infection cycle of the parasite occurs between the sea bottom and the net-cage. Furthermore, it is suggested that the outbreak of the parasite is related to tide.5.Development of Kabatana takedai was suppressed by low temperature, but recurred by increase of temperature, suggesting that a release of latently infected fish results in spread of the disease. The unknown infective stage, ca. 40μm in size, was shown to originate in the dam located in an upper stream of the Chitose hatchery and invade fish perorally.

1.对野生海洋鱼类中鲽双病毒和VHSV的现场调查显示，从竹荚鱼、牙鲆和暗带石斑鱼中分离到水双病毒，在鲽和沙矛鱼中检出VHSV。除一株外，所有 VHSV 分离株均属于基因组 3（美国基因组）。 VHSV很容易通过水传播途径从感染鱼到未感染鱼，这表明野生比目鱼和养殖比目鱼之间完成了感染周期。2.对岩手县宫古湾和福井县小浜湾0岁和1岁比目鱼中新杂博氏菌的发生情况进行了调查。在这两个地区，野生和放养的比目鱼的感染水平冬季较高，夏季较低，小滨市比宫古市高出好几倍。 3. 在野生淡水鱼（鲫鱼、鲮鱼和香鱼）中发现了 23 株嗜冷黄杆菌（冷水病的致病菌）。我们尝试将香鱼养殖场的5株溶菌噬菌体用于冷水病的生物防治。4.测定了刺激白点虫原体的沉降速度和包囊形成所需的时间。测定值表明寄生虫包囊是在海底形成的，寄生虫的感染周期发生在海底和网箱之间。此外，推测寄生虫的爆发与潮汐有关。5.Kabatana Takedai的发育受到低温的抑制，但随着温度的升高而复发，这表明潜伏感染鱼的释放导致了疾病的传播。未知的感染阶段，约。大小为 40μm，显示起源于位于千岁孵化场上游的水坝，并经口侵入鱼类。

项目成果

Pakingking, R.Jr.et al.: "In vivo and in vitro analysis of the resistance against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) precedingly infected with aquabirnavirus"Fish & Shellfish Immunology. (in press). (2004)

Pakingking, R.Jr.等人：“先前感染水生病毒的日本牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）对病毒性出血性败血症病毒的抵抗力的体内和体外分析”鱼

Nishizawa et al.: "Genetic relatedness among Japanese, American and European isolates of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) based on partial G and P genes"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 48巻2号. 143-148 (2002)

Nishizawa 等人：“基于部分 G 和 P 基因的日本、美国和欧洲病毒性败血症病毒 (VHSV) 分离株的遗传相关性”水生生物疾病，第 48 卷，第 2. 143-148 期（2002 年）。

Fujiyama et al.: "Investigation of the transmission stage of the microsporidian Kabatana takedai in salmonids."Bulletin of National Salmon Resources Center. 5. 1-6 (2002)

Fujiyama等人：“鲑鱼中微孢子虫Kabatana takedai的传播阶段的调查。”国家鲑鱼资源中心通报。

Watanabe et al.: "Isolation of aquabirnavirus and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) from wild marine fishes"Fish Pathology. 37巻4号. 189-191 (2002)

Watanabe 等：“从野生海洋鱼类中分离水生病毒和病毒性出血性败血症病毒（VHSV）”《鱼类病理学》第 37 卷，第 4 期，189-191（2002 年）。