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A historical and empirical study about the scientific research system and development of various research institutions in Japan

日本科研体系及各类研究机构发展的历史与实证研究

基本信息

批准号：
14380001
负责人：
IHARA Satoshi
金额：
$ 7.1万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14380001/
关键词：
Scientific Research System Research Institute Research Organization Science and Technology Policy Japanese Research Organization Japanese Research Institute Research Institution Attached to the University Private Research Organization 科学研究

项目摘要

1.We performed data collection about national and public research organizations and private research organizations, University attached research institutions to examine a characteristic of the Japanese scientific research system.2.The data were as follows.The foundation year, the change of each research institute, a study purpose, a research field, a main study theme, a study object, the number of the researchers, a budget scale, a publication, the acquisition patent number.3.Based on collected data, I did comparison examination about deployment of scientific research system of Japan, and development of research institutions.4.As a result, public research organizations has left till today the feature as an organization made into the examination/research purpose of specific local industry training which has origin in promotion of industry of Meiji era. And the number of the research organizations increased in early period of Showa from Taisho period. and research organizations reached a … More peak of increase just after war and then organizations continued increasing afterwards. Most of research field were engineering, industrial technology. There were many research organizations about resources of a local special product and traditional technology. There has been a special policy by development agencies about Hokkaido, Kyushu Okinawa, and there is much number of research organizations in comparison with population. However, Tohoku, Chyugoku, Shikoku have little number of the research organizations.5.A national research organization has a research institute having the origin in the Meiji early years. However, I concentrate increase of the number of the research institutes in the days of high economic growth of from 1950's to 60's today of 2000's. Many of national research organizations were recent increase.6.The most of a private research organization increased for the high economic growth period.They suddenly increased in 80's and 90's. Many things were material, energy chemistry, medicine, machine, VAIO in a research field. There are overwhelmingly many less than 100 on a scale of the number of the researchers. However, we are not stages to describe a conclusion because ups and downs of a research institute, the ups and downs, a change are intense.We point out only that a Japanese technology policy and development of a research institute are not conformal. Less

1.为了考察日本科学研究体制的一个特点，我们对国立、公立、私立研究机构、大学附属研究机构等进行了数据收集。2.数据包括：成立年份、各研究机构的变化、研究目的、研究领域、主要研究课题、研究对象、研究人员人数、预算规模、3.根据收集到的资料，对日本的科研体制的配置和研究机构的发展进行了比较研究。4.结果，公共研究机构至今仍保留着以明治时代的产业振兴为渊源，以特定的地方产业培训为目的的研究机构的特征。昭和初期的研究机构数量从大正时期开始增加。和研究组织达成了一项 ...更多信息战后增长达到顶峰，之后组织继续增长。研究领域以工程、工业技术为主。对地方特产资源和传统工艺的研究机构众多。关于北海道、九州冲绳，开发机构制定了特殊政策，与人口相比，研究机构数量较多。但是，东北、日本、四国的研究机构数量很少。5.一个国家的研究机构有一个研究所，起源于明治初年。然而，我集中讨论的是2000年代从20世纪50年代到60年代经济高速增长时期研究机构数量的增加。国家级研究机构多为近期增加，民营研究机构多为经济高速增长时期增加，在80、90年代突然增加。很多东西都是材料、能源化学、医学、机械、VAIO等一个研究领域。在研究人员的数量上，绝大多数都少于100人。但是，由于研究所的唐斯、唐斯、变化是激烈的，所以我们不能用阶段来描述结论，我们只指出日本的技术政策与研究所的发展是不一致的。少