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Development and Disaster Reduction Strategy and Tactics in Phillipine as A Typical Example of Developing Country

典型发展中国家菲律宾的发展与减灾战略与策略

基本信息

批准号：
14402045
负责人：
KAWATA Yoshiaki
金额：
$ 8.19万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In order to investigate the relationship between development and disaster reduction strategy in developing country, we take a look at the case of the basin of the Laoag River in Ilocos Norte Province, Phillipine. A concrete continuous high embankment is advantageous for Ilocos Norte Province and Laoag City in some respects: (1) the province and the city will become free from the flooding and inundation that happen every time a typhoon occurs, (2) it will become possible to develop the old river courses and flood sources without making an assumption that flooding will occur, and (3) structures not requiring frequent maintenance will compensate for the governmental low capabilities for maintenance. However, when unexpected external forces cause excessive floods, it is likely that the damage will be enormous because of development projects, or life may be underway without making an assumption that flooding will occur. Engineers in developed country must understand that non-structural meas … More ures include the following:1) Measure to maintain structures for a long period of time, 2) Measure to enhance residents' awareness of disaster prevention, 3) Measure for damage control, including the collection and transmission of weather information, the comprehension of dangerous areas, and evacuation advisories, 4) Measure for damage reduction, including relief activities. Aid will be able to fulfill some sort of role for all the measures. For that purpose, first of all, it is necessary to learn current and past governmental and residents' response to disasters. When we stayed in the Philippines, the typhoon broke an embankment, and some farmers' rice paddies were washed away. The immature technology of constructing the embankment was one of the reasons for the breakage. Aid providers must consider measures for structures to stay, including the acquisition and transfer of knowledge and technology necessary for the construction of structures, and compliance at the time of actual construction.For restoration and reconstruction activities, it is necessary to review governmental response, and find out how communities in particular can be involved with residents who had their rice paddies washed away, and lost the means of production. The above-mentioned communities include administrative villages, and organizations and networks that individuals belong to engineers on the aid-giving side need to plan types of structures that will stay in regions in consideration of non-structural measures. In order to do so, they should make efforts to understand the regions with the participation of experts and researchers who research into society. The task of understanding the history of regions, including the history of disaster prevention, will teach us many things. The task of understanding the history is to find out the following things, for instance, from the government and many residents: 1) How is the memory of such a disaster accumulated among residents, and shared in communities?, 2) What kinds of people were struck by the disaster?, 3) Did the past damage caused by flooding and inundation help enhance residents' awareness of disaster prevention?, 4) Did residents take any kinds of measures for disaster prevention, or did residents request anything from the government about disaster prevention?, 5) Who helped the livelihood of disaster-stricken persons? And 6) Did residents voluntarily provide labor for the repair and construction of structures? Less

为了研究发展中国家的发展与减灾战略之间的关系，我们以菲律宾北部伊洛科斯省的老阿格河流域为例。一条混凝土连续的高堤防对伊洛科斯北方省和老阿格市在某些方面是有利的：(1)省和市将免于每次台风发生时发生的洪水和洪水，(2)可以在不假设会发生洪水的情况下开发旧的河道和洪水来源，(3)不需要频繁维护的建筑物将弥补政府维护能力较低的问题。然而，当意想不到的外力导致过度洪水时，很可能会因为开发项目而造成巨大的破坏，或者生活可能正在进行中，而不是假设会发生洪水。发达国家的工程师必须了解非结构手段…更多的措施包括：1)长期维护建筑物的措施；2)提高居民防灾意识的措施；3)损害控制的措施，包括收集和传输天气信息、了解危险区域和疏散建议；4)减少损失的措施，包括救灾活动。援助将能够为所有措施发挥某种作用。为此，首先，有必要了解当前和过去政府和居民对灾害的反应。我们留在菲律宾的时候，台风冲垮了堤坝，一些农民的稻田被冲走了。堤防施工技术不成熟是造成堤防崩塌的原因之一。援助提供者必须考虑建筑物留下来的措施，包括获取和转让建造建筑物所需的知识和技术，以及实际建造时的遵守情况。对于恢复和重建活动，有必要审查政府的反应，并查明社区如何特别参与那些稻田被冲走、失去生产资料的居民。上述社区包括行政村，援助方工程师个人所属的组织和网络需要规划将留在区域内的结构类型，考虑到非结构措施。为了做到这一点，他们应该在研究社会的专家和研究人员的参与下，努力了解地区。了解地区历史，包括防灾历史的任务，将教会我们很多东西。了解历史的任务是从政府和许多居民那里了解以下情况：1)这样一场灾难的记忆是如何在居民中积累起来的，并在社区中分享的？2)受灾的是什么人？3)洪涝灾害造成的过去的破坏是否有助于提高居民的防灾意识？4)居民是否采取了防灾措施，或者居民在防灾方面向政府提出了什么要求？5)谁帮助了受灾群众的生活？6)居民是否自愿为修缮和建造建筑物提供劳动力？较少