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Comparative Study on Growth and Decay of Disaster Culture

灾害文化兴衰比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
05680366
负责人：
KAWATA Yoshiaki
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

As a soft-countermeasure against natural disasters, disaster culture plays an important role to mitigate human and property damages. The questionnaire on disaster culture was conducted in flood prone areas in Kochi. In 1975 and 1976, we had severe flood disasters in the areas. Urbanization has been accelerated since 1970s'. and residents who have no information about the disaster live in these disaster-prone areas. Fortunately, after 1976 Kochi has not had large-scale natural disasters so that it is possible to discuss on the effect of changes of natural and social environmental changes on awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation. The decay of disaster lesson and culture chiefly depend on the difference between the number of opportunities of talking the disaster experience to neighbors, family members and friends and listening comprehension through them. Wisdom of residents on disaster prevention was found in Ino inundated area in which most private houses were built on the leveled-up ground.Moreover, in order to mitigate tsunami disaster, it is necessary to reinforce disaster lesson and social vulnerability as well as construction of hard-countermeasures such as tsunami breakwaters and water gates. Especially, gigantic tsunamis have characteristics of low frequency and high consequence in Japan. Residents in tsunami prone areas usually forget the casualty due to lack of systematic transmission of disaster experiences and lessons from disaster sufferers to next generations. Through questionnaire, the process of decay of tsunami experiences, locality of the disasters on tsunami information and communication were discussed and proposals about growth of disaster culture were presented.

灾害文化作为自然灾害的一种软对策，对减轻人类和财产损失具有重要作用。在高知县的洪水易发地区进行了灾害文化问卷调查。1975年和1976年，我们在这个地区遭受了严重的洪水灾害。20世纪70年代以来，城市化进程加快。而这些受灾地区的居民，对灾情一无所知。幸运的是，1976年以后高知没有发生过大规模的自然灾害，因此可以讨论自然和社会环境变化对防灾减灾意识的影响。灾难教训和灾难文化的衰减主要取决于向邻居、家人和朋友讲述灾难经历的机会和通过他们倾听理解的机会之间的差异。在大部分私人住宅都建在平地上的伊诺灾区，人们发现了防灾的智慧。此外，为了减轻海啸灾害，必须加强灾害教训和社会脆弱性，以及建设海啸防波堤和水闸等硬对策。特别是日本，巨大的海啸具有低频率和高后果的特点。海啸易发地区的居民往往忘记了伤亡，因为缺乏系统的传递灾害的经验和教训，从受灾者到下一代。通过问卷调查，探讨了海啸经验的衰减过程、灾害发生地对海啸信息传播的影响，并对灾害文化的成长提出了建议。