A study of wind and seismic response analysis of wind turbine and its verification by a field test

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A full nonlinear FEM model was developed, which takes into account the geometric nonlinearity and the coupling between the rotor and the tower. The observed natural frequencies of the wind turbine were predicted successfully using the developed model and the predicted maximum of tower bending moments by the model show a good agreement with the measurements.Equivalent static wind load evaluation formulas considering the dynamic effects based on gust loading factors and the reduction coefficients were proposed to estimate the wind load on the wind turbine in complex terrain. A gust loading factor based on a non-Gaussian assumption is derived to estimate the nonlinearity of wind loads, especially in the high turbulence intensity. The predicted wind responses by proposed methods showed favorable agreements with those by a full dynamic simulation. Semi-theoretical formulas for seismic design of wind turbine support structures in the parked and operating conditions were established, which agreed with the numerical simulation and showed more accurate results than conventional models.These results were reported in Proc. of Computational Wind Engineering 2006, Proc. of 12th International Conference on Wind Engineering, Proc. of European Wind Energy Conference 2008, Proc. of 19th National Symposium on Wind Engineering, Proc. of 28th, 29th Symposium on Utilization of Wind Energy, Turbomachinery and were adopted in the Guidelines for design of wind turbine support structures and foundations published by Japan Society of Civil Engineers in 2007.