A model based on F1F2 values for native and non-native speakers' spontaneous speech

以英语为母语的人和以英语为母语的日本人产生的元音质量是如何相似的。通过测量共振峰的值来分析这两种扬声器产生的元音。这些共振峰F1和F2与舌头的高度和位置相对应。在某种程度上，这些声学特征与发音中的舌头位置特征密切相关。根据语言知觉理论，人们的听觉系统对共振峰频率的变化很敏感。学习英语的日本人能够感知和辨别本国语言中的五个元音。当他们感知和辨别英语的元音时，他们可能不会以同样的方式识别日语，但他们可能会以类似的方式这样做。按照这种思维方式，我们不能说英语本族语者和日本英语学习者在感知和产生的元音质量上有相似之处，除非感知和产生的是共振峰的特征。这些共振峰是在元音空间内产生的。无论是以英语为母语的人说英语，还是以英语为母语的日本人说英语，元音空格的使用都是相似的。为了总结本研究中四个实验的结果，我们初步提出了一个基于F1F2值的英语母语者和日语英语学习者的模型。

How similar vowel qualities produced by native English speakers and Japanese learners of English are presented. Vowels produced by these two types of speakers are analyzed with measurements of formant values. These formants, F1 and F2, correspond to height and position of a tongue. In a way, these acoustic features are strongly connected to features of location of tongues in articulation. On the bases of language perception theories, it is estimated that people's auditory system is sensitive to changes in formant frequencies. Japanese learners of English perceive and discriminate five vowels of their own native language. When they perceive and discriminate vowels of English, they may not do that in the same way with Japanese language but they might do that in a similar way. According to this way of thinking, we can not say that there are similarities in vowel qualities perceived and produced between native English speakers and Japanese learners of English, except the cases that what is perceived and produced are features of formant values. These formants are produced within vowel spaces. It is expected that vowel spaces are used similarly when English is spoken either by native English speakers or Japanese learners of English. To conclude the results of four experiments conducted in this study, a model based on F1F2 values for native speakers of English and Japanese learners of English are tentatively proposed.