Relationship between flooding-tolerance and the ecological niche in mangrove seedlings

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It was thought that the energy acquisition in the root with aerenchyma was important for mangrove seedlings to survive at the early stage of the ecology niche establishment. Because the aerenchyma formation was observed at the roots of some mangrove species at the early stage, it was thought that the timing shifted from anaerobic respiration to aerobic respiration influenced the struggle for existence among mangrove species On the other hand, in a mature stand dominated by Bruguiera gymnorhiza, that the frequency of flooding was low suggested shading has more influence than flooding on the struggle among mangrove species.