Mechanism of SARS coronavirus infection and proliferation

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SARS-CoV attaches to the cell surface ACE2, however, requirement of additional cell surface proteins need to be clarified. In this study, we investigated the nature of co-receptors of SARS-CoV. By utilizing soluble SARS-CoV spike protein and a chemical crosslinker reagent, we identified two L-type lectins, DC-SIGN and L-SIGN, in the Spike-ACE2 complex. ACE2 forms complex with these proteins prior to the addition of the Spike. Although neither DC-SIGN nor L-SIGN increased SARS-CoV pseudovirus adsorption to the cell surface, these lectins facilitated incorporation of SARS-CoV in to the cells. Intracytoplasmic region of DC-SIGN and L-SIGN, but not that of ACE2, was required for the incorporation. These results suggest that the intracytoplasmic regions of DC-SIGN and L-SIGN play roles on SARS-CoV infection.