Study of QCD at finite temperature and finite density on the lattice with physical quark masses

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By numerical simulations of lattice QCD with Wilson-type lattice quarks, we studied the phase structure of QCD at finite temperatures and densities as well as thermodynamic properties of the quark matter. Wilson-type lattice quarks are theoretically sound, but require large computational costs. Therefore, we have developed several computational techniques including the fixed-scale approach armed by the T-integration method and the histogram method, and tested their efficiency. Applying these techniques, we have computed the equation of state in two and 2+1 flavor QCD, for the first time with Wilson-type quarks. We have also investigated the inter-quark potential of static quarks and the phase structure of QCD at finite temperatures and densities in the heavy-quark region.