Roles of VEGF type 1 receptor signaling in pathologicalangiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis

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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known as a major propangiogenic factor. VEGF has 3 receptors, namely VEGFR1 (Flt-1), VEGFR2 (Flk-1/KDR) and VEGFR3 (Flt-4). We had previously reported that the magnitude of cytokine-mediated release of SDF-1 from platelets and the recruitment of nonendothelial CXCR4+ VEGFR1+ hematopoietic progenitors, ‘hemangiocytes,’ constitute the major determinant of angiogenesis. We tested that Flt-1 Tyrosine Kinase (TK) signaling enhances angiogenesisby stimulating Stem Cell Factor (SCF) and MMP-9 by bone marrow stem cells. Blood flow recovery in TKKO was significantly delayed compared to WT. Compared to WT, plasma concentrations of SCF and pro-MMP9 were significantly reduced in TKKO. There was no significant difference between the concentrations of VEGF in both mice, but in TKKO, platelets-deposited microvascular density was significantly suppressed. These results suggested that the signaling of the Flt-1 is essential for recovering from acute ischemic conditions. Administration of selective VEGFR1 agonist may be useful to treat the ischemia, and may become a novel therapeutic strategy in regenerative cardiovascular medicine.