A Comparative Study of Yari-Morai and Demonstrative Constructions in Ryukyuan and Pre-Modern Japanese

本研究描述了琉球语中表示给予和接受的动词结构，并表明八重山琉球语中的敬语敬语动词具有与近代日本语非常相似的系统。八重山琉球宫良方言中的敬语“yari-morai”结构，与现代普通日语不同，用“禁忌”N来表示，表示给予者或接受者的NP不受人称限制。这些NP不需要用主格来标记。这种结构表示物体从地位较高的人（给予者）到地位较低的人（接受者）的移动。给予者采取了消融的情况，并且在普通日语中由asaru，oataeninaru和itadaku表达的意义的对比丢失了。这种语法类似于前现代日语中的结构。在宫罗方言的指示性表达也进行了调查，并表明没有关系的语法人称。研究表明，指示词一般用u系列指示词来表达。

This study describes Ryukyuan verbal constructions indicating giving and receiving (yari-morai constructions) , and shows that honorific yari-morai verbs in Yaeyama Ryukyuan have a system closely similar to that of Pre-modern Japanese. The honorific yari-morai construction in the Miyara dialect of Yaeyama Ryukyuan, expressed with tabooruN, does not have person restrictions on the NP expressing the giver or receiver, unlike in Modern Common Japanese. These NPs do not need to be marked with nominative case. The construction indicates the movement of the object from the higher-status person (giver) to the lower-status person (receiver). The giver takes the ablative case, and the contrast in the meanings expressed by kudasaru, oataeninaru and itadaku in Common Japanese is lost. This grammar is similar to construction in Pre-modern Japanese. Demonstrative expressions in the Miyara dialect were also investigated, and shown to have no relation to grammatical person. It is shown that deictics are generally expressed with the u series demonstratives.