A study on the basic principles of organizing a hybrid type of science curriculum to develope students' competencies in secondary schools in Japan

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the basic principles of organizing a hybrid type of science curriculum in secondary schools in Japan. For this purpose, I employed a comparative approach, a historical approach and an empirical study.As a result of this complicated study, the followings were obtained: in some Western and East-Asian countries, one of the main objectives of science education for all including future scientists is to develop students' scientific literacy, knowledge about science is regarded as an essential part of scientific knowledge in teaching science, and the traditional role of practical work have been reconsidered and new approaches such as the argumentation with socio-scientific issues, which is not familiar with science teachers, have been introduced into science classes.