Japanese EFL learners and article usage: Locating precise variables that affect explicit instruction through web-based methods

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The purpose of the current study is to help Japanese EFL learners improve their accuracy of article usage (a/an, the) through explicit grammar instruction. During the Spring semester of AY2022, the instructional content (across four experimental conditions) was delivered as an e-learning program to multiple classes while reading and writing data were collected to test the learning outcomes (via the online platforms developed in AY2021). The Fall semester of AY2022 was spent cleaning and collating the data while simultaneously preparing and piloting Phase 2 of the study, whereby the modalities shifted to listening and speaking. The piloting highlighted areas that required revision and amendments were made accordingly.