Mechanism of heavy metal intoxications, with special reference to tissue metal shift

我们在初步实验中发现，当组织微量元素显著升高或降低（组织金属移位）时，就会出现镉对健康的影响，并认为组织金属移位可能在镉、汞和铅等重金属中毒的机制中起重要作用。我们利用原子吸收分光光度法和诱导耦合等离子体发射分光光度法对家兔、大鼠和小鼠进行了以下实验来阐明我们的假设。1)单次重金属暴露的组织金属位移与健康效应；(1)组织金属位移与健康效应；(2)金属硫蛋白在组织金属位移中的生物学作用；(3)金属预处理对辐射健康效应的保护作用及其机制。2)慢性重金属暴露的组织金属转移和健康影响，(1)镉的剂量效应关系，(2)无机汞的剂量效应关系，(3)无机铅的剂量效应关系。3)组织金属移位引起的缺锌性肢端皮炎(1)铅致缺锌性肢端皮炎，(2)镉致缺锌性肢端皮炎。4)铜不足或锌缺乏，加重重金属慢性毒性的因素(1)铜缺乏对健康的影响，(2)铜不足或锌缺乏加重镉的毒性，(3)铜不足或锌缺乏加重无机汞的毒性。5)补充铜或锌对重金属慢性毒性的防治作用(1)铜对镉健康效应的防治作用，(2)锌对无机汞健康效应的防治作用，(3)锌对无机铅健康效应的防治作用。6)与年龄相关的组织金属转移，加重重金属毒性的因素(1)老化，加重镉慢性毒性的因素；(2)老化，加重无机汞慢性毒性的因素；(3)老化，加重无机铅慢性毒性的因素。上述结果表明：(1)重金属暴露，无论是单次暴露还是多次暴露，诱导的组织金属位移比一次性暴露更显著；(2)铅诱导的家兔缺锌肢性皮炎；(3)补充铜或锌可以预防或治愈镉、无机汞和无机铅的慢性毒性。少

We found that cadmium health effects appeared when tissue trace elements remarkably elevated or depressed (tissue metal shift) in the preliminary experiment, and thought that the tissue metal shift might play an important role in the mechanism of intoxications from heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury and lead. We performed the following experiments to clarify our hypothesis on rabbits, rats and mice with the use of atomic absorption spectrophotometry and induced coupled plasma emmission spectrophotometry.1) Tissue metal shift and health effects in a single exposure to geavy metals, (1) tissue metal shift and health effects, (2) biological roles of metallothionein in tissue metal shift, and (3) protective effects of metal pretreatment on radiation health effects and its mechanism.2) Tissue metal shift and health effects in chronic exposure to heavy metals, (1) doseeffect relationship for cadmium, (2) dose-effect relationship for inorganic mercury, and (3) dose-effect relationship for … More inorganic lead.3) Zinc-deficient acrodermatitis by tissue metal shift (1) lead-induced zinc-deficient acrodermatitis, and (2) cadmium-induced zinc-deficient acrodermatitis.4) Copper insufficiency or zinc deficiency, factors aggravating chronic toxivities of heavy metals (1) health effexts of copper degiciency, (2) aggravated toxicity of cadmium by copper insufficiency or zinc deficiency, and (3) aggravated toxicity of inorganic mercury by copper insufficiency or zinc deficiency.5) Preventive and curative effects of copper or zinc supplementation on chronic toxicities of heavy metals (1) preventive effects of copper on cadmium health effects, (2) preventive effects of zinc on inorganic mercury health effects, and (3) curative effects of zinc on inorganic lead health effects.6) Age-related tissue metal shift, factors aggravating toxicities of heavy metals (1) ageing, a factor aggravating chronic toxicity of cadmium, (2) ageing, a factor aggravating chronic toxicity of inorganic mercury, and (3) ageing, a factor aggravating chronic toxicity of inorganic lead.The above results indicated (1) exposure to heavy metals, either a single or repeated exposure, induced more remarkable tissue metal shift than expented, (2) lead induced zincdeficient acrodermatitis in rabbits, and (3) copper or zinc supplementation prevented or cured chronic toxicities of cadmium, inorganic mercury and inorganic lead. Less