The Role of Daily Social Interactions in Cognitive Decline and Impairment

项目总结/摘要 阿尔茨海默病（AD）是65岁及以上人群的第五大死因， 对患者、护理人员和卫生保健系统造成沉重负担。关键是要检测出 当针对AD的早期干预和治疗时， 这些措施可能是最有效的，并确定可延展的风险因素，以制定有针对性的预防干预措施。 最近的证据表明，社会关系可能扮演着双重角色，作为认知能力下降的风险因素 和MCI以及这些认知变化的指标。然而，大多数之前的研究都依赖于全球 社会关系的评估在一个单一的时间点，因此无法检查时间顺序， 社会关系和认知功能的变化。这个项目的总体目标是利用“真实的时间” 自然环境中的生态瞬时评估（EMA），以更好地捕捉日常社会 互动--日常生活中社会关系的表现--与认知能力下降有关， 社会互动作为认知能力下降的指标与风险因素的功能，并确定具体的 日常社会交往的特点（频率，合作伙伴类型的多样性，质量），最好的前瞻性 预测短期和长期的认知能力下降。拟议的项目将使用600名老年人的样本数据， 成年人参加了完善的爱因斯坦老龄化研究计划项目（EAS），以联系日常社会 与认知功能的相互作用跨越从几天到几年的不同时间尺度。参与者 每天完成4次为期14天的年度社会互动和认知表现EMA，每天5次（a 测量突发设计），以及年度基于临床的认知评估和全球社会 关系调查。目标1将检查日常社交互动的变化是否表明认知能力下降 通过测试MCI患者与非MCI患者是否表现出不同的日常社交模式， 相互作用，横截面和纵向。目标2将检查短期和长期预测效果 日常社会交往对认知能力下降和损伤的影响。该方法在使用 对日常社会交往和认知功能进行深入的纵向评估， 研究日常社会交往与认知能力之间的时间关联的方法 在不同的时间尺度上的表现。这个项目意义重大，因为它将提高我们对 AD发病前日常社会交往与认知功能之间的动态关联。这 知识将有助于确定作为指标或风险因素的日常社会互动的具体特征 认知功能下降和障碍，协助早期发现向MCI的过渡和发展 针对日常社交互动的特定特征作为风险因素的干预计划。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ ABSTRACT Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the fifth-leading cause of death for those age 65 and older and imposes substantial burden on patients, caregivers, and the health care system. It is critical to detect the cognitive decline and transition to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) when early interventions and treatments against AD could be most effective, and identify malleable risk factors in order to develop tailored preventive interventions. Recent evidence suggests that social relationships may play a dual role as risk factors for cognitive decline and MCI as well as indicators of these cognitive changes. However, most prior studies have relied on global assessments of social relationships at a single time point and thus are unable to examine temporal ordering in change in social relationships and cognitive function. The overall goal of this project is to use ‘real time’ ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) in naturalistic settings to better capture changes in daily social interactions--the manifestation of social relationships in daily life--associated with cognitive decline, disentangle the function of social interactions as indicators vs. risk factors for cognitive decline, and identify specific features of daily social interactions (frequency, diversity in types of partners, quality) that best prospectively predict short- and long-term cognitive decline. The proposed project will use data from a sample of 600 older adults enrolled in the well-established Einstein Aging Study Program Project (EAS) to link daily social interactions with cognitive function across different timescales ranging from days to years. Participants complete 4 annual 14-day EMAs of social interactions and cognitive performance 5 times per day (a measurement burst design), as well as annual clinic-based cognitive assessments and global social relationships surveys. Aim 1 will examine whether changes in daily social interactions indicate cognitive decline and impairment by testing whether individuals with vs. without MCI exhibit different patterns of daily social interactions, cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Aim 2 will examine short-term and long-term predictive effects of daily social interactions on cognitive decline and impairment. The approach is innovative in its use of intensive longitudinal assessments of both daily social interactions and cognitive function and analytic approaches that examine the temporal associations between daily social interactions and cognitive performance across different timescales. This project is significant because it will improve our understanding of dynamic associations between daily social interactions and cognitive function prior to the onset of AD. This knowledge will facilitate identification of specific features of daily social interactions as indicators or risk factors for cognitive decline and impairment, assisting in the early detection of the transition to MCI and development of intervention programs targeting specific features of daily social interactions as risk factors.