8/21 ABCD-USA CONSORTIUM: RESEARCH PROJECT SITE AT CHLA

青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究是最大的儿童健康长期研究， 美国的大脑开发，包括一个协调中心，一个数据分析和信息资源 中心和21个研究中心。ABCD研究招募了11，878名9 - 10岁的儿童， 将继续跟踪他们的生物和行为发展，从青春期到青年期。 所有参与者都接受了神经成像，神经心理测试，生物测定，以及详细的青年和父母 评估物质使用、心理健康、身体健康以及文化和环境。2020年3月， 当我们的参与者年龄在11 - 13岁时，世界受到COVID-19大流行的严重影响， 导致经济和几乎每个家庭的生活发生剧变。美国大多数学校关闭 减少病毒传播。许多父母在工作中发生了变化（例如，在家工作，更长的轮班，减少 工资，失业）。一些服务和支持系统受到干扰。确诊病例的数量 死亡人数持续上升这一前所未有的事件产生了巨大的多方面影响， 可能会在未来几十年影响今天的孩子。在这里，我们建议利用ABCD的基础设施， 队列和现有协议，以快速描述COVID-19大流行对每个儿童的影响， 书房在本提案中，我们将利用已资助（NSF; PI Tapert）和待批准的补充文件， 向所有ABCD参与者及其父母询问流行病对其生活的影响 （家庭一级的影响），同时纳入社区一级的公共和私人措施， COVID-19的影响。对于参与者的社区（例如，人口普查区、县、州），我们将进行地理编码 发生率、空间距离、（失业）就业变化和国家实施时间的措施 和/或关于缓解做法的地方政策。通过在家庭中收集这些情况信息， 我们可以使用现有的ABCD数据来检查扰动， 大脑功能的发展轨迹，认知，物质使用，学术成就，社会 功能和身心健康。具体而言，我们将（1）专注于表征性质， 社区的变异性和COVID-19的区域影响，基于ABCD参与者的地理编码 邻域（即，（2）确定社区和家庭层面的影响， COVID-19在大流行期间和之后对压力、认知和心理健康的影响不同。我们将 分析（1）家庭和社区对ABCD参与者的直接影响之间的相互作用 大流行期间的压力和心理健康，（2）这种潜在影响的相关程度 （3）家庭和社区的关系（如：SES，邻域特征）可以 作为保护因素。这场前所未有的危机提供了一个利用ABCD基础设施的机会 和科学的严谨性，以识别以前没有预见到的发展的关键层面。

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study is the largest long-term study of child health and brain development in the US, consisting of a Coordinating Center, a Data Analysis and Informatics Resource Center, and 21 research sites. The ABCD Study has enrolled a diverse cohort of 11,878 9-10-year-olds and will continue to track their biological and behavioral development through adolescence into young adulthood. All participants receive neuroimaging, neuropsychological testing, bioassays, and detailed youth and parent assessments of substance use, mental health, physical health, and culture and environment. In March 2020, when our participants were ages 11-13, the world became substantially affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to an upheaval in the economy and the lives of almost every family. Most U.S. schools closed to reduce viral spread. Many parents incurred changes in work (e.g., working-from-home, longer shifts, reduced wages, job loss). Some services and support systems became disrupted. And, the number of confirmed cases and deaths have continued to surge. The massive multifaceted impact of this unprecedented event has the potential to affect today’s children for decades to come. Here, we propose to leverage ABCD’s infrastructure, cohort, and existing protocol to rapidly characterize the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on each child in the study. In this proposal, we will capitalize on funded (NSF; PI Tapert) and pending supplements to administer queries to all ABCD participants and their parents about the impact of the pandemic on their lives (family level impact) by also incorporating publicly and privately available measures of community-level COVID-19 impacts. For participants’ neighborhoods (e.g., census tract, county, state), we will geocode measures of incidence, spatial distancing, changes in (un)employment, and timing of implementation of state and/or local policies on mitigation practices. By collecting this situational information at the family and community levels as soon as possible, we can use existing ABCD data to examine perturbations in developmental trajectories of brain functioning, cognition, substance use, academic achievement, social functioning, and physical and mental health. Specifically, we will (1) focus on characterizing the nature and variability of the community and regional impact of COVID-19, based on geocoding of ABCD participants’ neighborhoods (i.e., current home address) and (2) determine how community-level and family-level impacts of COVID-19 differentially influence stress, cognition, and mental health during and after the pandemic. We will analyze (1) the interactions between family- and community-specific impacts on ABCD participants’ immediate stress and mental health during the pandemic, (2) the extent to which such potential impacts are associated with each other, and (3) how both community and family factors (e.g., SES, neighborhood characteristics) may serve as protective factors. This unprecedented crisis provides an opportunity to exploit ABCD’s infrastructure and scientific rigor to discern critical dimensions of development not previously envisioned.