Role of Executive Control in Adolescent Substance Use and Co-occuring Problems

项目摘要 青少年药物使用是一个普遍和重大的公共卫生问题。虽然收益已 在制定有效的药物使用预防干预措施方面，还有改进的余地。 干预措施的改进必须基于对发展前兆的进一步纵向研究， 在吸毒前就出现了执行控制（EC）缺陷，一组认知能力， 引导注意力和行为，已被提出作为重要的和可改变的贡献者，青少年 问题行为，包括物质使用以及共同发生的外部化和内部化问题。 然而，早期出现和动态展开的作用，欧共体在发展的物质使用和 相关的问题还不太清楚。现有的研究缺乏长期的，发展上的细微差别， 从这个角度来看，排除了对不良EC何时以及如何影响物质使用风险的理解。学前教育是 一个重要的EC组织的时间。青春期是EC进一步发展和分化的时期， 物质使用的出现。然而，跨越这些关键发展时期的相关研究 缺乏这项申请建议延长正在进行的研究幼儿和他们的父母以下 在学前班和小学期间，通过强化、重复、基于表现的措施， EC（沿着对一系列其他因素的多评分者、多方法评估）， 14岁、15岁、16岁和17岁的数据。长期目标是指导实质的发展和完善 在发展的关键点上，将针对EC的预防性干预措施作为可改变的风险因素。的 拟议研究的目标是阐明电子商务对发展的长期动态影响， 物质使用和共同发生的问题。中心假设是，在整个学前教育中， 儿童期，进入青春期将与物质使用和问题的发生和增长有关， 发生，这些协会将至少部分介导的社会发展进程。 理由是，一个微妙的，纵向研究EC和物质使用将丰富地告知时间和 以预防青少年药物使用和相关问题为重点的干预措施的目标。的 具体目的是研究幼儿教育对幼儿园的长远影响（目的1），以及幼儿教育的发展 在整个童年和青春期（目标2）关于青少年物质使用和共同发生的内化 和外部化问题，测试家庭，学校和同伴调解机制（目标3），并探索 性别适度（探索性目标）。建议的项目在其独特的早期EC杠杆作用方面具有创新性 从样本的数据及其严格和多方面的测量EC超过关键的发展 时期这项研究的重要性在于，它将产生一个前所未有的了解的影响， 欧盟委员会关于物质使用的报告，就欧盟委员会何时以及如何产生影响提供新的见解，并提供信息 设计最佳时机，有针对性的干预措施，以加强EC和防止青少年物质使用。

Project Summary Adolescent substance use is a prevalent and significant public health concern. Although gains have been made in the development of effective substance use preventive interventions, there is room for improvement. Intervention refinements must be based on additional longitudinal research of developmental precursors that emerge well before substance use onset. Deficits in executive control (EC), a set of cognitive abilities for directing attention and behavior, have been proposed as important and modifiable contributors to adolescent problem behaviors, including substance use as well as co-occurring externalizing and internalizing problems. However, the early-emerging and dynamically-unfolding role of EC in the development of substance use and related problems is not well understood. Existing research lacks a long-term, developmentally-nuanced perspective, precluding an understanding of when and how poor EC impacts substance use risk. Preschool is a time of significant EC organization. Adolescence is a time of further EC development and differentiation, and the emergence of substance use. Yet, relevant studies spanning these critical developmental periods are lacking. This application proposes to extend an ongoing study of young children and their parents followed during preschool and the elementary school years with intensive, repeated, performance-based measures of EC (along with multi-rater, multi-method assessments of a broad array of additional factors) by collecting new data at ages 14, 15, 16, and 17. The long-term goal is to guide the development and refinement of substance use preventive interventions targeting EC as a modifiable risk factor at critical points in development. The objective of the proposed research is to explicate the long-term, dynamic impact of EC on the development of substance use and co-occurring problems. The central hypotheses are that poor EC in preschool, throughout childhood, and into adolescence will be related to the onset and growth of substance use and problem co- occurrence, and that these associations will be at least partially mediated by social developmental processes. The rationale is that a nuanced, longitudinal study of EC and substance use will richly inform the timing and targets of interventions focusing on EC to prevent adolescent substance use and related problems. The specific aims are to examine the long-term impact of EC in preschool (Aim 1) as well as the development of EC throughout childhood and adolescence (Aim 2) on adolescent substance use and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems, testing family, school, and peer mediating mechanisms (Aim 3) and exploring gender moderation (Exploratory Aim). The proposed project is innovative in its unique leveraging of early EC data from the sample and its rigorous and multifaceted measurement of EC over critical developmental periods. The significance of this research is that it will yield an unprecedented understanding of the impact of EC on substance use, affording new insights into when and how EC has its effects and providing information for designing optimally-timed, targeted interventions to bolster EC and prevent adolescent substance use.