Role of Executive Control in Adolescent Substance Use and Co-occuring Problems

项目摘要 青少年药物使用是一个普遍和重大的公共卫生问题。尽管收益一直在增长 在制定有效的物质使用预防干预措施方面，还有改进的余地。 干预措施的改进必须建立在对发育前体的额外纵向研究的基础上 早在药物使用开始之前就出现了。执行控制缺陷(EC)，一组认知能力 引导注意力和行为，已被认为是青少年的重要和可修改的贡献者 问题行为，包括物质使用以及共生的外在化和内在化问题。 然而，电子商务在物质使用和发展中的早期出现和动态展开的作用 相关问题还没有得到很好的理解。现有的研究缺乏长期的、发展的细微差别 视角，排除了对不良EC何时以及如何影响物质使用风险的理解。学前班是 一个重要的欧共体组织的时代。青春期是EC进一步发展和分化的时期， 物质使用的出现。然而，跨越这些关键发育时期的相关研究是 缺乏。这项申请建议扩展正在进行的对幼儿及其父母的跟踪研究 在学龄前和小学阶段，采取密集、重复、基于成绩的措施 EC(以及对一系列其他因素的多评分者、多方法评估)，通过收集新的 数据在14岁、15岁、16岁和17岁。长期目标是指导物质的发展和提炼 在发展的关键点使用针对EC的预防性干预措施作为可更改的风险因素。这个 拟议研究的目的是阐明电子商务对经济发展的长期、动态影响 物质使用和共生问题。中心假设是，在整个学龄前阶段，糟糕的EC 儿童期、青春期和青春期将与物质使用和问题的发生和发展有关 这些联系将至少部分地受到社会发展进程的调节。 其基本原理是，对EC和物质使用的细微差别的纵向研究将充分说明时间和 以欧共体为重点的干预措施的目标，以防止青少年药物使用和相关问题。这个 具体目标是研究幼儿教育的长期影响(目标1)以及幼儿教育的发展。 在整个儿童期和青春期(目标2)关于青少年物质使用和共生的内化 和外部化问题，测试家庭、学校和同伴调解机制(目标3)和探索 性别适度(探索性目标)。拟议的项目在其独特的利用早期EC方面具有创新性 来自样本的数据及其对关键发育阶段的EC的严格和多方面的测量 句号。这项研究的意义在于，它将对 欧共体关于物质使用的信息，对欧共体何时以及如何产生影响提供了新的见解，并提供了信息 用于设计最适时、有针对性的干预措施，以支持EC和防止青少年药物使用。

Project Summary Adolescent substance use is a prevalent and significant public health concern. Although gains have been made in the development of effective substance use preventive interventions, there is room for improvement. Intervention refinements must be based on additional longitudinal research of developmental precursors that emerge well before substance use onset. Deficits in executive control (EC), a set of cognitive abilities for directing attention and behavior, have been proposed as important and modifiable contributors to adolescent problem behaviors, including substance use as well as co-occurring externalizing and internalizing problems. However, the early-emerging and dynamically-unfolding role of EC in the development of substance use and related problems is not well understood. Existing research lacks a long-term, developmentally-nuanced perspective, precluding an understanding of when and how poor EC impacts substance use risk. Preschool is a time of significant EC organization. Adolescence is a time of further EC development and differentiation, and the emergence of substance use. Yet, relevant studies spanning these critical developmental periods are lacking. This application proposes to extend an ongoing study of young children and their parents followed during preschool and the elementary school years with intensive, repeated, performance-based measures of EC (along with multi-rater, multi-method assessments of a broad array of additional factors) by collecting new data at ages 14, 15, 16, and 17. The long-term goal is to guide the development and refinement of substance use preventive interventions targeting EC as a modifiable risk factor at critical points in development. The objective of the proposed research is to explicate the long-term, dynamic impact of EC on the development of substance use and co-occurring problems. The central hypotheses are that poor EC in preschool, throughout childhood, and into adolescence will be related to the onset and growth of substance use and problem co- occurrence, and that these associations will be at least partially mediated by social developmental processes. The rationale is that a nuanced, longitudinal study of EC and substance use will richly inform the timing and targets of interventions focusing on EC to prevent adolescent substance use and related problems. The specific aims are to examine the long-term impact of EC in preschool (Aim 1) as well as the development of EC throughout childhood and adolescence (Aim 2) on adolescent substance use and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems, testing family, school, and peer mediating mechanisms (Aim 3) and exploring gender moderation (Exploratory Aim). The proposed project is innovative in its unique leveraging of early EC data from the sample and its rigorous and multifaceted measurement of EC over critical developmental periods. The significance of this research is that it will yield an unprecedented understanding of the impact of EC on substance use, affording new insights into when and how EC has its effects and providing information for designing optimally-timed, targeted interventions to bolster EC and prevent adolescent substance use.