Randomized trial on mobile technology to reduce young drivers’ cellphone use

项目摘要 虽然所有使用手机的司机的车祸风险高出2-6倍，但使用手机的司机， 年轻司机（18-24岁）驾车最为普遍。年轻司机的手机使用率 而驾驶和最高的人均事故率在所有年龄段，但他们是研究不足。技术 解决方案，包括手机屏蔽应用程序和驾驶模式（例如，苹果的“开车时请勿打扰”）， 可能是有希望的，但对有效性的研究仍然很少。我们的试点R21发现，一个商业应用程序是 有效减少驾驶时使用手机，但没有足够的电力来检查高风险驾驶事件。 很少有研究检查驾驶模式或将驾驶模式与商业应用程序进行比较， 使用和高风险驾驶事件。因此，我们提出了R 01，目的是进行随机化 对照试验，以确定手机应用程序和驾驶模式干预在减少 18-24岁司机的手机使用和高风险驾驶事件。我们假设手机的使用 如果手机应用程序或驾驶模式处于活动状态，则可以大大减少高风险驾驶事件。我们也 假设驾驶模式与应用程序一样有效。本项目的目的是评估 手机应用程序和驾驶模式干预在减少通话、短信和手持电话使用方面的作用（主要 目标1），确定手机应用程序和驾驶模式干预在减少高风险驾驶方面的效果 事件（主要目标2），并试点测试使用现有的交通违规和碰撞跟踪的可行性 数据库（探索性目标3）。将进行一项前瞻性、随机、平行组、三组试验。一 共有1，200名年轻司机将随机接受：（1）商业应用程序（主动FleetSafer）， 驾驶时使用手持电话，但允许紧急呼叫和按压乘客后使用电话 按钮;（2）驾驶模式（由手机制造商或服务提供商提供）， 驾驶时使用手机，但允许紧急呼叫和手动覆盖，或（3）不活动的FleetSafer应用程序， 允许和跟踪呼叫和文本（控制）。参与者将被研究六个月（第1个月：基线， 第2-6个月：干预）。结果将包括：（1）在驾驶时打电话和发短信，由FleetSafer跟踪， 以及（2）驾驶时使用手持电话和由摄像机捕获的高风险驾驶事件。我们将 评估应用程序和驾驶模式干预在减少通话、短信和高风险方面的有效性 驾驶事件。在我们初步的R21指导下，这项研究是创新的，因为我们专注于新的技术 解决手机相关分心驾驶流行病的方法。我们将使用经过验证的视频 捕获方法，以识别高风险驾驶事件，并评估使用手机的贡献。本研究 意义重大，因为研究结果将提供有关手机屏蔽应用程序有效性的信息 和驾驶模式，以减少手机的使用和高风险的驾驶行为，在青少年和年轻人。

PROJECT SUMMARY While motor vehicle crash risk is 2-6 times higher for all drivers engaging in cellphone use, cellphone use while driving is most prevalent among young drivers (18-24 years). Young drivers have both the highest phone use while driving and the highest crash rate per capita among all ages, but they are understudied. Technological solutions, including cellphone-blocking apps and driving mode (e.g., Apple’s “Do Not Disturb While Driving”), may be promising, but research on effectiveness remains sparse. Our pilot R21 found that a commercial app is effective in reducing cellphone use while driving, but had insufficient power to examine high-risk driving events. Few studies have examined driving mode or compared driving mode with a commercial app in reducing phone use and high-risk driving events. Therefore, we propose an R01 with objective to conduct a randomized controlled trial to determine the effects of a cellphone app and a driving mode intervention in reducing cellphone use and high-risk driving events in drivers aged 18-24 years. We hypothesize that cellphone use and high-risk driving events can be substantially reduced if a cellphone app or driving mode is active. We also hypothesize that the driving mode is as effective as the app. The aims of this project are to estimate the effects of the phone app and driving mode interventions in reducing calling, texting, and handheld phone use (Primary Aim 1), determine the effects of the phone app and driving mode interventions in reducing high-risk driving events (Primary Aim 2), and pilot test the feasibility of tracking traffic violations and crashes using existing databases (Exploratory Aim 3). A prospective, randomized, parallel-group, three-arm trial will be conducted. A total of 1,200 young drivers will be randomized to receive: (1) a commercial app (active FleetSafer) that blocks handheld phone use while driving, but allows emergency calls and phone use after pressing the passenger button; (2) a driving mode (provided by the cellphone manufacturer or service provider) that blocks handheld phone use while driving, but allows emergency calls and manual override or (3) an inactive FleetSafer app that permits and tracks calls and texts (controls). Participants will be studied for six months (month 1: baseline, month 2-6: intervention). The outcomes will include: (1) calling and texting while driving tracked by FleetSafer, and (2) handheld phone use while driving and high-risk driving events captured by a video camera. We will estimate the effectiveness of the app and driving mode interventions in reducing calling, texting, and high-risk driving events. Guided by our preliminary R21, this study is innovative as we focus on novel technological approaches to address the epidemic of cellphone-related distracted driving. We will employ proven video capture methods to identify high-risk driving events and assess the contribution of cellphone use. This study is significant, because the findings will provide information regarding the effectiveness of cellphone-blocking apps and driving modes in reducing cellphone use and high-risk driving behaviors in teens and young adults.