Randomized trial on mobile technology to reduce young drivers’ cellphone use

项目总结 虽然所有使用手机的司机的机动车撞车风险都要高出2-6倍，但使用手机时 开车在年轻司机(18-24岁)中最为普遍。年轻司机的手机使用率最高 虽然开车，但他们的人均撞车率是所有年龄段中最高的，但他们的研究不足。工艺性 解决方案，包括手机屏蔽应用程序和驾驶模式(例如，苹果的“开车时不打扰”)， 这可能是有希望的，但关于有效性的研究仍然很少。我们的试点R21发现一个商业应用程序是 在减少开车时使用手机方面很有效，但没有足够的能力来检查高风险的驾驶事件。 很少有研究研究驾驶模式或将驾驶模式与商业应用程序在减少手机数量方面进行比较 使用和高风险驾驶事件。因此，我们提出了一种R01，目的是进行随机的 一项对照试验，以确定手机应用程序和驾驶模式干预对减少 18-24岁司机的手机使用和高风险驾驶事件。我们假设手机的使用和 如果手机应用程序或驾驶模式处于活动状态，高风险驾驶事件可以大幅减少。我们也 假设驾驶模式和应用程序一样有效。这个项目的目的是评估影响 手机应用程序和驾驶模式在减少通话、短信和手持电话使用方面的干预(主要 目标1)，确定手机应用程序和驾驶模式干预在减少高风险驾驶方面的效果 活动(主要目标2)，并试点测试使用现有技术跟踪交通违规和撞车的可行性 数据库(探索性目标3)。将进行前瞻性、随机化、平行组、三臂试验。一个 总共1200名年轻司机将被随机分配到：(1)一个商业应用(Active FleetSafer) 开车时使用手持电话，但允许在按压乘客后拨打紧急电话和使用电话 按钮；(2)一种阻止手持设备的驾驶模式(由手机制造商或服务提供商提供) 开车时使用手机，但允许紧急呼叫和手动覆盖或(3)不活动的FleetSafer应用程序，该应用程序 允许和跟踪呼叫和文本(控制)。参与者将接受为期6个月的研究(1个月：基线， 2-6个月：干预)。结果将包括：(1)FleetSafer追踪到的开车时打电话和发短信， (2)开车时使用手持手机和摄像机捕捉到的高危驾驶事件。我们会 评估APP和驾驶模式干预在减少打电话、发短信和高风险方面的有效性 驾驶赛事。在我们初步的R21指导下，这项研究具有创新性，因为我们专注于新的技术 应对与手机相关的分心驾驶流行的方法。我们将采用经过验证的视频 捕捉识别高危驾驶事件的方法，并评估手机使用的贡献。这项研究是 这一发现意义重大，因为这些发现将提供有关手机屏蔽应用程序有效性的信息 以及驾驶模式，以减少青少年使用手机和高危驾驶行为。

PROJECT SUMMARY While motor vehicle crash risk is 2-6 times higher for all drivers engaging in cellphone use, cellphone use while driving is most prevalent among young drivers (18-24 years). Young drivers have both the highest phone use while driving and the highest crash rate per capita among all ages, but they are understudied. Technological solutions, including cellphone-blocking apps and driving mode (e.g., Apple’s “Do Not Disturb While Driving”), may be promising, but research on effectiveness remains sparse. Our pilot R21 found that a commercial app is effective in reducing cellphone use while driving, but had insufficient power to examine high-risk driving events. Few studies have examined driving mode or compared driving mode with a commercial app in reducing phone use and high-risk driving events. Therefore, we propose an R01 with objective to conduct a randomized controlled trial to determine the effects of a cellphone app and a driving mode intervention in reducing cellphone use and high-risk driving events in drivers aged 18-24 years. We hypothesize that cellphone use and high-risk driving events can be substantially reduced if a cellphone app or driving mode is active. We also hypothesize that the driving mode is as effective as the app. The aims of this project are to estimate the effects of the phone app and driving mode interventions in reducing calling, texting, and handheld phone use (Primary Aim 1), determine the effects of the phone app and driving mode interventions in reducing high-risk driving events (Primary Aim 2), and pilot test the feasibility of tracking traffic violations and crashes using existing databases (Exploratory Aim 3). A prospective, randomized, parallel-group, three-arm trial will be conducted. A total of 1,200 young drivers will be randomized to receive: (1) a commercial app (active FleetSafer) that blocks handheld phone use while driving, but allows emergency calls and phone use after pressing the passenger button; (2) a driving mode (provided by the cellphone manufacturer or service provider) that blocks handheld phone use while driving, but allows emergency calls and manual override or (3) an inactive FleetSafer app that permits and tracks calls and texts (controls). Participants will be studied for six months (month 1: baseline, month 2-6: intervention). The outcomes will include: (1) calling and texting while driving tracked by FleetSafer, and (2) handheld phone use while driving and high-risk driving events captured by a video camera. We will estimate the effectiveness of the app and driving mode interventions in reducing calling, texting, and high-risk driving events. Guided by our preliminary R21, this study is innovative as we focus on novel technological approaches to address the epidemic of cellphone-related distracted driving. We will employ proven video capture methods to identify high-risk driving events and assess the contribution of cellphone use. This study is significant, because the findings will provide information regarding the effectiveness of cellphone-blocking apps and driving modes in reducing cellphone use and high-risk driving behaviors in teens and young adults.