Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats (PROTECT)

项目描述（摘要） 阻燃剂是应用于材料的化学品，以防止开始或减缓增长。 火虽然其中一些化学品，如多溴联苯醚（PBDE）已被逐步淘汰， 在生产之外，它们仍然在环境中持久存在。多溴二苯醚不会与产品发生化学结合， 因此它们很容易从这些产品中释放出来，进入空气和灰尘中。虽然PBDEs 已逐步停止生产，一些有机磷酸盐阻燃剂（OPRF）和其他替代品 被确认为替代品因此，人们越来越关注阻燃剂以及它们如何 会影响怀孕期间的母婴健康。阻燃剂与生育影响的研究 结果好坏参半。阻燃剂和其他污染物生物标志物通常通过血液测量， 怀孕期间的尿样。这一抽样方案在检测其他持久性环境污染物方面是有限的。 也可能是相关暴露的污染物。为了解决这一限制，有机硅的发展 腕带是一种测量多污染物暴露的新方法，因为它的非侵入性和最小化。 这是一种负担，尤其是对孕妇来说。氧化应激与许多 生殖和妊娠障碍，从生育力低下到流产、孕产妇血管疾病和早产 出生4.它被认为是化学品暴露和不良妊娠结局之间的联系机制。到 为此，拟议的项目将研究阻燃剂和邻苯二甲酸酯生物标志物之间的关系 通过硅胶腕带测量，以及它们与妊娠期长度和出生体重的关系。这也将是一 使用新罕布什尔州探索性分析氧化应激对这种关系的潜在介导作用 出生队列研究。

Project Description (Abstract) Flame retardants are chemicals that are applied to materials to prevent the start or slow the growth of fire. Although some of these chemicals, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE’s) have been phased out of production, they remain persistent in the environment. PBDEs do not chemically bind to the products to which they are added, so they easily release from these products and get into the air and dust. Although PBDEs have been phased out of production, some organophosphate flame retardants (OPRFs) and other alternatives have been identified as replacements. Due to this, there is a growing concern on flame retardants and how they can affect maternal and child health during pregnancy. Studies on the effects of flame retardants and birth outcomes are mixed. Flame retardants and other pollutant biomarkers are usually measured through blood and urine samples during pregnancy. This sampling scheme is limited in detecting other persistent environmental pollutants that may also be relevant exposures. To address this limitation, the development of silicone wristbands is a novel approach to measure multipollutant exposures because of its non-invasive and minimally burdensome nature, particularly for pregnant women. Oxidative stress has been implicated in many reproductive and pregnancy disorders, from subfertility to miscarriage, maternal vascular disease and preterm birth4. It has been suggested as a mechanism linking chemical exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes. To this end, the proposed project will examine the relationship between flame retardants and phthalate biomarkers measured by silicone wristbands and their associations to gestational length and birthweight. It will also be an exploratory analysis of the potential mediation of oxidative stress on this relationship using the New Hampshire Birth Cohort study.