The Role of the Microbiome in Cancer Suppression and Susceptibility Across Species

项目摘要： 为什么有些物种特别容易患上癌症，而另一些则很少患上癌症？ 我们发现不同物种的癌症患病率差异很大。但是我们可以 这只能解释其中一小部分。我们假设物种的微生物组 可以部分解释他们的癌症患病率。具体来说，我们假设微生物组 多样性阻止了病原微生物占主导地位，因此应该与较低的 不同物种的癌症患病率我们还假设， 与人类癌症相关的肿瘤和恶性肿瘤 在动物中流行。同样地，与低癌症相关的微生物物种 在人类中的患病率将与较低的肿瘤和恶性肿瘤患病率相关 跨动物。我们还将测试癌症患病率与微生物的关系， 以前与癌症有关。我们将下载公开的微生物组16S 我们比较肿瘤学数据库中164个物种的rRNA数据，我们至少有 50份尸检报告如果缺乏这些物种的16S rRNA数据，我们将合作 与凤凰和其他动物园，以获取粪便样本，我们将测序，以分析 胃肠道微生物组。因为饮食和微生物组是更多的因素 比许多其他可能解释癌症患病率的变量更容易修改，例如基础 代谢率，我们的分析结果有可能转化为癌症预防， 人类

Project Summary: Why are some species particularly susceptible to cancer while others develop very little cancer? We have discovered wide variation in cancer prevalence across species. However, we can explain only a small fraction of that variation. We hypothesize that the microbiomes of species may explain part of their cancer prevalence. Specifically, we hypothesize that microbiome diversity prevents pathogenic microbes from dominating and so should be associated with lower cancer prevalence across species. We also hypothesize that microbial species that have been associated with cancer in humans will be associated with higher neoplasia and malignancy prevalence across animals. Likewise, microbial species associated with lower cancer prevalence in humans will be associated with lower neoplasia and malignancy prevalence across animals. We will also test for cancer prevalence associations with microbes that have not been previously connected to cancer. We will download publicly available microbiome 16S rRNA data for the 164 species in our comparative oncology database for which we have at least 50 necropsy reports. If 16S rRNA data is lacking for any of those species, we will collaborate with the Phoenix and other zoos to acquire stool samples that we will sequence to profile the gastrointestinal microbiome. Because diet and microbiome are factors that are much more easily modified than many other variables that may explain cancer prevalence, such as basal metabolic rate, the results of our analyses are potentially translatable to cancer prevention in humans.