Neighborhood Greenness and Cardiometabolic Health among Hispanics in the HCHS/SOL Study

HCHS/SOL研究中西班牙裔居民的社区绿化和心脏代谢健康 摘要 项目摘要： 西班牙裔/拉丁美洲人是美国最大的少数民族，他们患代谢综合征（MetS）的风险相对较高。 邻里绿化（植物存在）是一个新的和未充分研究的保护因素MetS， 尚未在西班牙裔传统群体中进行系统研究。NHLBI资助的西班牙裔社区 健康研究/拉丁美洲人研究（HCHS/SOL）是一项流行病学研究，重点是心血管疾病 疾病和相关风险因素，如代谢综合征、糖尿病和高血压。在HCHS/SOL研究的基础上， 这项拟议中的研究将是第一个前瞻性和纵向调查，邻里的影响， 西班牙裔亚组内和跨亚组的MetS指标的累积绿色暴露。它将使用 迈阿密和圣地亚哥HCHS/SOL研究中心（美国的两个地区）约8，000名参与者的完整样本 西班牙裔/拉丁裔人口众多。因为两个社区都在进行大规模的绿化 干预措施，拟议的研究将调查自然实验绿化对MetS的影响， 两个城市。本建议书将从访视1（2008-2011）、访视2（约6年后）以及 从高分辨率卫星图像计算累积绿度的干预年度随访 暴露，并确定其与中心性肥胖（腰围）和4 其它MetS指标（即，血压、甘油三酯、低HDL胆固醇、空腹血糖）。累积 将评估社区绿化情况，反映环境的变化和变化。多- 分组分析将按性别， 研究中心和三个较大的西班牙裔亚组。将检查假设的生物学途径： 具体来说，绿色与腰围变化的关系，这反过来又会影响其他4 MetS指标通过以下各项：（a）胰岛素抵抗，通过HOMA-IR测量，和（B）炎症， 分别用C反应蛋白测定。假设的主持人（例如，性别;邻里步行能力） 将审查绿色度对MetS指标的影响。计划的事后分析将检查 绿色（例如，植树）与代谢综合征、糖尿病、高血压和高脂血症风险的关系，以及 身体活动和社会支持（可用于SOL参与者的子集）作为 绿色与生物标志物（胰岛素抵抗，炎症）的关系。HCHS/SOL最近完成 第2章及时提出这个建议两个参与HCHS/SOL研究中心的PI和协调 中心将是开展拟定研究的组成部分。几个因素增加了效率和成本- 有效完成学习目标：有效的招聘/保留策略;大量关于 心脏代谢健康结果和相关的行为/生物学风险因素在一个不同的样本， 西班牙裔/拉丁美洲人;一个协调中心，以促进数据访问;和HCHS/SOL的团队科学方法。

Neighborhood Greenness & Cardiometabolic Health among Hispanics in the HCHS/SOL Study ABSTRACT Project Summary: Hispanics/Latinos, the largest U.S. minority group, are at relatively high risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Neighborhood greenness (vegetative presence) is a novel and understudied protective factor for MetS that has not yet been systematically studied across Hispanic heritage groups. The NHLBI-funded Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) is an epidemiologic study with an emphasis on cardiovascular disease and related risk factors such as MetS, diabetes and hypertension. Building on the HCHS/SOL study, the proposed study will be the first to investigate prospectively and longitudinally, the impact of neighborhood cumulative greenness exposure on MetS indicators within and across Hispanic subgroups. It will do so using the full sample of ~8,000 participants for the Miami and San Diego HCHS/SOL sites, which are two U.S. areas with significant Hispanic/Latino populations. Because both communities are undergoing significant greening interventions, the proposed study will investigate the impact of the natural experiment in greening on MetS in both cities. This proposal will obtain residential location from Visit 1 (2008-2011), Visit 2 (~6 years later), and intervening annual follow-ups to calculate from high resolution satellite imagery cumulative greenness exposure for each participant, and determine its relationship to central adiposity (waist circumference) and 4 other MetS indicators (i.e., blood pressure, triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, fasting glucose). Cumulative exposure to neighborhood greenness will be assessed, reflecting moves and changes in environments. Multi- group analyses will examine differences in the relationship of cumulative greenness to MetS indicators, by sex, by site and by the three larger Hispanic subgroups. Hypothesized biological pathways will be examined: specifically, greenness’ relationship to changes in waist circumference, which may in turn impact the other 4 MetS indicators through each of: (a) insulin resistance, measured by HOMA-IR, and (b) inflammation, measured by C-Reactive Protein, respectively. Hypothesized moderators (e.g., sex; neighborhood walkability) of greenness to MetS indicators will be examined. Planned post-hoc analyses will examine changes in greenness (e.g., tree-planting) in relation to risk for MetS, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, and possible roles of physical activity and social support (available for a subset of SOL participants) as pathways in the relationship of greenness to biomarkers (insulin resistance, inflammation). HCHS/SOL recently completed Visit 2, making this proposal timely. PIs at the two participating HCHS/SOL Study sites and Coordinating Center will be integral to the conduct of the proposed study. Several factors increase the efficient and cost- effective accomplishment of study aims: effective recruitment/retention strategies; a large array of data on cardiometabolic health outcomes and related behavioral/biological risk factors in a diverse sample of Hispanics/Latinos; a Coordinating Center to facilitate data access; and HCHS/SOL’s team science approach.