A New Population-scale Approach for the Study of Psychological Stress in the Transition to Adulthood

项目摘要 在向成年过渡期间对心理压力的人口规模测量通常是一致的， 紧张的自我报告的措施或生物标志物，只反映最近几个小时的大脑反应， 应力最近的突破，在使用头发，以获得稳定的措施皮质醇-生物标志物的im- 压力对人类大脑的影响-有可能彻底改变这门科学。毛发中的皮质醇 一个可靠的测量大脑经历的压力水平的三个月前直接收集头发 sample.现在，用于头发皮质醇分析的实验室过程可用于以下规模： 一般人口研究。像其他一些生物标志物一样，研究参与者可以收集头发- 这大大降低了在人口规模研究中增加这种测量的成本。但 菲尔德目前还没有仔细研究过大规模毛发收集的协议，也没有关于SE的信息， 选择偏见可能是由于自我收集而不是专业收集。 我们将通过一个大规模的随机实验来评估整合的选择， 将基于毛发的皮质醇测量纳入人群规模的研究。本实验比较了 头发的皮质醇，以专业的收集，将纳入一个长期的家庭小组研究与现有的 压力的预测因素和从社区，家庭，父母和个人向成年的过渡 年轻人这些措施将支持在自我收集的选择偏差的综合评价， 头发样本我们将1,448名年龄在18-21岁之间的受访者随机分配到两组实验中， 自我收集的头发，以专业收集。分析将检查成功收集头发，质量的 头发样本，以及参与者对过程的自我评价。我们将把这些结果的衡量标准与 成千上万的现有措施的事件随着时间的推移，在个人的生活，他们的父母的生活， 其他家庭成员和当地社区背景。分析将探索所有措施 以确定任何与拒绝参与，遵守自我收集，头发质量 样本，或对毛发收集方案的不良反应的自我报告。 这些分析的结果将提供建立大规模基于毛发的 皮质醇自我收集。我们将设计一个最佳的协议，将头发为基础的皮质醇收集到流行音乐， 跨环境的评估研究，并向公众发布该协议。我们还将把这些创新的 皮质醇的措施和收集程序在ICPSR，使所有的研究人员推出创新的新的分析， 在向成年过渡过程中的心理压力。在R21结束时，我们的团队将提出 R 01规模的研究，使用这种新的协议，以联系心理健康之前的COVID-19和压力期间的COVID-19- 19-时代过渡到成年期的求爱，婚姻，避孕药具的使用和生育的轨迹。

PROJECT SUMMARY Population-scale measurements of psychological stress during the transition to adulthood are generally con- strained to either self-reported measures or biomarkers that reflect only recent hours of brain response to stress. Recent breakthroughs in the use of hair to obtain stable measures of cortisol—a biomarker for the im- pact of stress on the human brain—has the potential to revolutionize this science. Hair-based cortisol provides a reliable measure of brain-experienced stress levels for the three months directly preceding collection of a hair sample. Laboratory processes for cortisol analysis of hair are now available at a scale that can be used for general population research. Like some other biomarkers, hair could be collected by study participants them- selves, greatly lowering the costs of adding such measurement to population-scale research. However, the field currently has no carefully studied protocol for large-scale hair collection, and no information about the se- lection biases likely to result from self-collection rather than professional-collection. We will overcome this obstacle by using a large, randomized experiment to assess options for integration of hair-based cortisol measurement into population-scale studies. This experiment, comparing self-collection of hair for cortisol to professional-collection, will be integrated into a long-term family panel study with existing predictors of stress and the transition to adulthood from neighborhoods, households, parents, and individual young adults. These measures will support comprehensive evaluation of the selection bias in self-collection of hair samples. We will randomly assign 1,448 respondents aged 18-21 to two arms of an experiment comparing self-collection of hair to professional-collection. Analyses will examine success collecting hair, the quality of the hair sample, and the participant’s self-evaluation of the process. We will link measures of these outcomes to thousands of existing measures of events over time in the individuals’ own lives, their parents’ lives, the lives of other household members, and the local community context. Analyses will feature exploration of all measures to identify any that are associated with refusal to participate, compliance with self-collection, quality of the hair samples, or self-reports of adverse responses to the hair-collection protocols. Results from these analyses will provide the means to establish the limitations of large-scale hair-based cortisol self-collection. We will design an optimal protocol for integrating hair-based cortisol collection into pop- ulation studies across settings and release that protocol to the public. We will also archive these innovative cortisol measures and collection procedures at ICPSR, allowing all researchers to launch innovative new anal- yses of psychological stress in the transition to adulthood. At the conclusion of this R21, our team will propose R01-scale research using this new protocol to link mental health before COVID-19 and stress during COVID- 19-era transitions to adulthood to trajectories of courtship, marriage, contraceptive use, and childbearing.