MATURATIONAL CHANGE IN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION CAPACITY

语言习得能力的成熟变化

• 批准号: 2203131
• 负责人: JACQUELINE A JOHNSON
• 金额: $ 11.08万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-05-01 至 1999-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2203131
• 关键词: Asian Americans; Chinese American; Japanese American; adolescence (12-20); adult human (21+); age difference; artificial intelligence; human subject; immigrant; language development; learning; middle childhood (6-11); musics; nonEnglish language; short term memory; stimulus /response

The present research program examines the developmental changes which occur in the capacity for acquiring language. More specifically, it examines what appears to be a sensitive period for the acquisition of the grammar of a language. The first part of this research program is descriptive. Four studied are proposed to investigate the structural parameters and reliability of this effect using a population of second language learners of varying ages. An additional study will evaluate the uniqueness of this effect for language by testing for age differences in music learning. The second part of this program is experimental. It will explore some of the changes that occur in the learning mechanism over development which may underlie and explain the descriptive phenomena. In particular it will explore possible child-adult differences in the use of the operating principles used to convert speech input into stored data. Seven studies are proposed. In each study, two groups of children of the ages of 6-7 and 10-11 years and one group of adults will be asked to learn a miniature artificial language. The miniature language will be designed to test the effects of morphological properties (including position, frequency, stress and structure) on the success and patterning of subjects' learning. In addition to documenting developmental changes in the use of these operating principles, some studies will test for the influence of first language typology on the use of such principles. Understanding age related changes in language learning capacity has important implications for educating the deaf (who are often not exposed to a native language at birth) and educating the many newly arriving child and adult immigrants to the United States. Such information will ultimately help us to develop educational opportunities tailored to the particular qualities inherent in different aged learners.

目前的研究计划审查了发展变化， 这发生在获得语言的能力中。更 特别是，它审查了似乎是一个敏感的时期， 掌握一种语言的语法。的第一部分 这个研究计划是描述性的。提出了四项研究， 研究其结构参数和可靠性， 影响使用人口的第二语言学习者的变化 年龄一项额外的研究将评估这种独特性， 通过测试音乐中的年龄差异对语言的影响 学习该计划的第二部分是实验性的。它将 探索学习机制中发生的一些变化 过度发展，这可能是描述性的 现象。特别是它将探讨可能的儿童-成人 在使用的操作原理的差异，用于转换 语音输入到存储的数据中。提出了七项研究。在每个 研究中，两组儿童的年龄为6-7岁和10-11岁 其中一组成年人会被要求学习一个微缩模型 人工语言微型语言将被设计成 测试形态特性（包括位置， 频率，压力和结构）的成功和模式 主体学习。除了记录发展 在使用这些操作原则的变化，一些研究将 第一语言类型学对使用 这样的原则。 了解与年龄相关的语言学习能力的变化， 对教育聋人（他们通常不是 出生时接触母语）和教育许多新的 儿童和成人移民到美国。等 信息最终将帮助我们发展教育 机会适合于特定的固有品质， 不同年龄的学习者