EMOTIONAL REACTIVITY AND ANTERIOR BRAIN ASYMMETRY

情绪反应和前脑不对称

• 批准号: 3569193
• 负责人: Richard J Davidson
• 金额: $ 25.35万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-02-01 至 2001-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3569193
• 关键词: amygdala; brain electrical activity; brain mapping; brain metabolism; cerebral dominance; clinical research; conditioning; electroencephalography; emotions; face expression; glucose metabolism; human subject; neural information processing; neuropsychological tests; positron emission tomography; psychobiology; startle reaction; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): The focus of this research program is on the brain bases of individual differences in emotional reactivity. There is great variability among individuals in the nature and intensity of their responses to emotional challenges. These individual differences in emotional reactivity or affective style are related to vulnerability to psychopathology. In the previous grant period, the applicants found that individual differences in baseline electrophysiological measures of activation asymmetry in anterior scalp regions are stable over time, show excellent internal consistency reliability and predict important features of dispositional mood and reactivity to emotion elicitors. Subjects with greater relative left-sided prefrontal activation report more positive and less negative mood and show more intense positive responses to positive emotional film clips. Subjects with relative right-sided prefrontal activation show the opposite profile of mood and emotion. In the next phase of this research program, they will build on the findings and examine the hypothesis that individual differences in prefrontal activation asymmetry primarily reflect the recovery function following an emotional stimulus, or the capacity to terminate an emotion once it has been initiated. The investigators will utilize the emotion-modulated startle paradigm, with startle probes presented both during and after the presentation of an emotional foreground stimulus. They hypothesize that subjects with more relative right-sided prefrontal activation will display greater startle potentiation following both negative and positive emotional stimuli compared with subjects showing more left-sided prefrontal activation. Those with left-sided prefrontal activation are predicted to show more inhibition of startle magnitude following both positive and negative foreground stimuli. In a second experiment, the capacity to voluntarily suppress or enhance emotion will be examined. Subjects with greater left-sided prefrontal activation are predicted to display more facility at suppressing negative emotion compared with those having more right-sided prefrontal activation. Finally, the third experiment will utilize positron emission tomography (PET) to examine individual differences in regional glucose metabolism associated with differences in emotional reactivity as indexed by the emotion-modulated startle task as well as an aversive conditioning task where they will examine the rapidity of extinction of a learned aversive association. Based upon initial data the investigators have collected using PET, they predict that subjects with greater relative right-sided medial prefrontal and amygdala metabolic activity will show slower extinction of an aversive response and poorer recovery of startle following negative stimuli. These data will provide critical new information on the neural substrates of individual differences in affective style and will facilitate the identification of individuals who may be particularly vulnerable to psychopathology.

描述（改编自申请人摘要）：本研究的重点 该计划是在大脑的基础上的个体差异，在情绪 反应性 在自然界中，个体之间存在很大的差异， 他们对情感挑战的反应强度。 这些单独 情绪反应或情感风格的差异与 对精神病理学的脆弱性 在上一个资助期内， 申请人发现， 头皮前部激活不对称性的电生理测量 区域随着时间的推移而稳定，表现出出色的内部一致性 可靠性和预测的重要特征的气质情绪和 对情绪诱导物的反应 相对左侧偏大的受试者 前额叶激活报告更多的积极和消极的情绪，并显示 更强烈的积极反应，积极的情感电影剪辑。 科目 相对右侧前额叶激活显示相反的轮廓， 情绪和情感。 在这项研究计划的下一阶段，他们将 建立在调查结果的基础上，并检验个体差异 前额叶激活的不对称性主要反映恢复功能 在情绪刺激之后，或终止情绪的能力 一旦启动。 调查人员将利用 情绪调节惊吓范式，惊吓探针呈现两种 在呈现情绪前景刺激期间和之后。 他们 假设受试者的右侧前额叶相对较多， 激活将显示出更大的惊吓增强， 和积极的情绪刺激相比， 左侧前额叶激活 左前额叶 激活被预测显示出更多的抑制惊吓幅度 在正面和负面的前景刺激之后。 在第二 实验，自愿抑制或增强情绪的能力将是 考察 左侧前额叶激活程度较高的受试者 相比之下，在抑制消极情绪方面， 而那些右前额激活更多的人。 最后 第三个实验将利用正电子发射断层扫描（PET）检查 局部葡萄糖代谢的个体差异与 情绪反应的差异，如由情绪调节的 惊吓任务和厌恶性条件反射任务， 研究一种习得性厌恶联想消失的速度。 基于 根据研究人员使用PET收集的初始数据，他们预测， 右侧内侧前额叶和 杏仁核的代谢活动将显示出厌恶性的消退较慢， 负面刺激后的反应和惊吓恢复较差。 这些 数据将提供关键的新信息的神经基板， 情感风格的个体差异，并将促进 查明可能特别易受 精神病理学