TWO CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, ONE FOCUS OF ATTENTION

两个大脑半球，一个注意力焦点

• 批准号: 2395610
• 负责人: ROBERT W DOTY
• 金额: $ 10.37万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-04-01 至 2000-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2395610
• 关键词: attention; behavioral /social science research tag; cerebral dominance; eye movements; human subject; interhemispheric transfer; memory; neural information processing; stimulus interval; temporal lobe /cortex; visual fields; visual stimulus

A massive body of evidence, from neuropathology, studies of "split- brain" patients, of "divided visual field" studies in normal subjects, and now from neuroimaging, is all consistent in showing that in right- handed individuals the primary neuronal processing of verbal material takes place in the left hemisphere, while analysis of visual form often proceeds initially in the right hemisphere This situation of "hemispheric specialization" most likely accrues from the Act that communication between the hemispheres is constrained by the very small size of most of the nerve fibers in the forebrain commissures, making it much quicker to process information intrahemispherically than to shuttle back and forth between the hemispheres. Concentrating processing in one hemisphere must also mean that the neuronal facilitation of attention is "focussed" in the relevant hemisphere and that, as is well-known for attending to visual space, disengaging this attentive focus from one locus and concentrating it on another takes a measurable amount of time. Surprisingly, this temporal cost of switching attention between the cerebral hemispheres has never been measured, and it is the intent of this proposal to do so. We will use memory for words and for nonobjective colored images to tap each hemisphere's analytic and hence attentive predilection, already having shown the high degree of similarity in the mnemonic processing of these two disparate types of material. Any increment in reaction time consequent to switching the demands of memory from one to the other type of material can be detected. This will be done using a divided visual field paradigm in which the words or images are directed initially to one or the other hemisphere, and the "switching time" can thus be disentangled from other aspects of interhemispheric communication. Knowing this switching time and its properties should greatly advance understanding of cognitive events that draw upon or demand jointly the specialized skills of the two hemispheres; and it seems likely that the ability to define this time would have wide application in evaluating a variety of cognitive disturbances, including schizophrenia and dyslexia.

大量的证据，从神经病理学，“分裂”研究- 脑”患者，在正常受试者的“分割视野”研究中， 现在通过神经成像，都一致地显示出， 使个体对语言材料的初级神经元处理 视觉形式的分析发生在左半球，而视觉形式的分析通常发生在左半球。 这种情况下， “半球专业化”最有可能从该法中产生， 两个半球之间的交流受到 前脑连合中的大部分神经纤维尺寸较小， 使得大脑半球内处理信息的速度更快 而不是在两个半球之间来回穿梭浓缩 在一个半球的处理也必须意味着， 注意力的促进是“集中”在相关的半球， 正如众所周知的那样， 将注意力从一个地方集中到另一个地方， 一段可测量的时间 令人惊讶的是， 大脑两半球之间的注意力转换 这是一个衡量标准，本提案的目的就是这样做。我们将使用 记忆单词和非客观彩色图像， 大脑半球的分析和注意偏好，已经有了 在记忆处理方面， 这两种完全不同的材料 任何反应时间的增加 由于将存储器的需求从一个切换到另一个， 可以检测材料类型。这将使用一个划分的 视觉领域的范例，其中的文字或图像是直接的 初始地到一个或另一个半球，并且“切换时间”可以 从而从大脑半球间的其他方面 通信了解这个切换时间及其属性， 极大地推进了对认知事件的理解， 共同要求两个半球的专业技能; 似乎很可能，定义这一时间的能力将有广泛的 应用于评估各种认知障碍，包括 精神分裂症和阅读障碍。