HEMISPHERIC DISTRIBUTION OF VISUAL MEMORY

视觉记忆的半球分布

• 批准号: 3400247
• 负责人: ROBERT W DOTY
• 金额: $ 14.47万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1983
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1983-12-01 至 1993-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3400247
• 关键词: Macaca; amygdala; brain commissure; hippocampus; interhemispheric transfer; interocular transfer; memory; neuropsychology; optic chiasmas; psychomotor reaction time; split brain; thalamic nuclei; visual perception

These experiments address two deeply fundamental questions: the nature of mnemonic operations; and the degree to which the forebrain commissures, collectively or separately, are able to unify accessibility of a mnemonic store. Macaques, in addition to man, can perform the serial probe recognition task of Sternberg, in which a subject is required to identify as rapidly as possible whether a visual image is or is not a member of a previously specified set of target items. The intriguing feature of this task is that the time required for the decision is linearly related to the number of items in the target set, and it has therefore been proposed that the brain processes the task in a serial fashion, searching through the complete memory store each time for each of the target items. It has also been proposed that the great functional difference between the right and left hemispheres in man is a reflection of a difference in parallel versus serial processing. While the merit of this speculation is yet to be defined, the serial probe recognition task is an ideal tool for assessing this possibly elementary difference between the surgically separable hemispheres in macaques; other indications of right-left functional asymmetries in the macaque brain adumbrating those in man still being somewhat problematical. Of even greater interest, however, is the opportunity this task affords to assay how the corpus callosum, the anterior hippocampal commissure, and the anterior commissure operate following transection of the optic chiasm, when the target items can be parcellated between the hemispheres. Is there uniform access, hemispheric specialization, or simple doubling of the access time? In other words, how does each of these commissures contribute to the accessibility of a mnemonic store to either hemisphere for information initially given to the other|? Finally, the experiments offer some possibility of testing whether retrieval from memory might be separable from mechanisms of memory formation.

这些实验解决了两个非常基本的问题： 记忆操作的性质;以及 前脑连合，集体或单独，能够 统一助记符存储的可访问性。 猕猴，除了 人类，可以执行斯滕贝格的串行探针识别任务， 其中要求受试者尽可能快地识别 无论一个视觉图像是不是先前的 指定的一组目标项。 这项任务的有趣之处在于 决策所需的时间与 目标中的项目数量，因此， 提出大脑以串行方式处理任务， 每次搜索整个存储器， 的目标项目。 也有人提出， 大脑左右半球的功能差异 人是平行与串联的区别的反映 处理. 虽然这种推测的价值还有待于 定义，串行探头识别任务是一个理想的工具， 评估这种可能的基本区别之间的 猕猴手术分离的半球;其他适应症 猕猴大脑的左右功能不对称 预示着人类身上仍然存在一些问题。 的 然而，更令人感兴趣的是， 提供了分析胼胝体，前 海马连合和前连合 在视交叉横断后，当目标物 可以被包裹在两个半球之间。 有制服吗 访问，半球专业化，或简单的两倍， 访问时间？ 换句话说，这些连合 有助于助记符存储的可访问性， 最初给予另一侧半球的信息|? 最后， 这些实验提供了一些可能性， 从记忆中提取可能与 记忆形成