INTERMAP

描述：（改编自研究者摘要）INTERMAP是一种基本的 旨在帮助澄清未回答问题的流行病学调查 饮食因素的作用，特别是大量营养素， 病因学的不利血压（BP）水平普遍为一个 在美国的大多数中年人和老年人。一 特别关注的是帮助阐明这些饮食因素的作用 在解释教育程度较低的人更不利的BP模式时， 人口阶层，例如，在美国，受教育程度较低的黑人和 白人INTERMAP的设计是根据测试过的INTERSALT设计的 模型：5，200人的大样本量（2，600名男性和2，600名女性） 年龄在40-59岁之间，来自20个不同种族、社会经济地位和 4个国家（中国、日本、英国）的饮食习惯和美国; 260 每个样本的人数）。研究者小组将提供以下内容之一： 8个不同的美国INTERMAP样本。具体目标包括阐明 蛋白质、脂质、碳水化合物的量和类型对血压的影响， 还有氨基酸、钙、镁、抗氧化剂、纤维和咖啡因。 待检验的主要假设，控制BMI， 酒精、年龄、性别和其他混杂因素如下：膳食蛋白质 与血压成反比;教育与血压成反比 在很大程度上是由于教育相关的差异， 膳食蛋白质摄入量;膳食SFA与BP有直接关系， 胆固醇、Keys评分、淀粉; PFA和 P/S。参与者，随机选择，提供一个定时24小时。 收集尿液以评估钠、钾、肌酸和尿素， 要完成四次24小时的饮食召回血压测量两次 在四个诊所的每一个访问，标准化和严格的质量 控制所有程序。这项研究将由两个机构协调。 协调中心-西北大学、芝加哥和伦敦学校 卫生和热带医学。将进行尿液测定 在比利时鲁汶的中心实验室24小时饮食 召回将被转换为营养素与使用营养 明尼苏达大学营养协调数据系统 中心测试假设的数据分析将在伦敦进行 协调中心。总体研究结果将用于估计 对BP的有利影响， 人口。研究人员说，这应该有助于使 为实现初级预防目标而提出的额外饮食建议 血压分布向下移动，以避免过度 风险与目前的水平一般高于最佳。

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from Investigator's Abstract) INTERMAP is a basic epidemiologic investigation designed to help clarify unanswered questions on the role of dietary factors, particularly macronutrients, in the etiology of unfavorable blood pressure (BP) levels prevailing for a majority of middle- aged and older individuals in the United States. A particular focus is to help elucidate the role of these dietary factors in accounting for the even more adverse BP patterns of less educated population strata, e.g., in the U.S. in both less educated blacks and whites. INTERMAP's design is patterned after the tested INTERSALT model: large sample size of 5,200 persons (2,600 men and 2,600 women) ages 40-59 from 20 population samples of varied ethnicity, SES, and dietary habits in 4 countries (China, Japan, U.K. and the U.S.; 260 persons per sample). The investigators' group is to provide one (1) of the 8 diverse U.S. INTERMAP samples. Specific aims involve elucidating influences on BP of amount and type of protein, lipids, carbohydrates, and also amino acids, Ca, Mg, antioxidants, fiber, and caffeine. Primary hypotheses to be tested, with control for BMI, intake of alcohol, age, sex, and other confounders are as follow: dietary protein is inversely related to BP; inverse relations between education and BP are significantly accounted for by education-related differences in dietary protein intake; there is a direct relation to BP of dietary SFA, cholesterol, Keys score, starch; there is an inverse relation of PFA and P/S. Participants, randomly selected, are to provide one timed 24-hr. urine collection for assessment of Na, K, creatine, and urea, and they are to complete four 24-hr. dietary recalls. BP is to be measured twice at each of four clinic visits, with standardization and strict quality control of all procedures. The study is to be coordinated by two Coordinating Centers--Northwestern University, Chicago and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. Urinary determinations are to be made at a Central Laboratory in Leuven, Belgium. Twenty-four hour dietary recalls are to be converted into nutrients with use of the Nutrition Data System of the University of Minnesota's Nutrition Coordinating Center. Data analyses to test hypotheses are to be done at the London Coordinating Center. Overall study findings are to be used to estimate favorable impact on BP of multiple improvements in nutrition by populations. The investigators state that this should aid in making additional dietary recommendations toward the goal of primary prevention of hypertension and shifting BP distributions downward to avoid excess risk associated with present levels generally above optimal.