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DEVELOPMENT OF AUTONOMIC AND BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION

自主和行为体温调节的发展

基本信息

批准号：
2675110
负责人：
Mark Samuel Blumberg
金额：
$ 12.8万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1994-05-01 至 2000-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2675110
关键词：
adrenal medulla autonomic nervous system body temperature regulation brown fat catecholamines chromaffin cells developmental neurobiology hypoxia innervation laboratory rat newborn animals sympathetic nervous system

项目摘要

Mammalian thermoregulation is typically divided into two components, autonomic and behavioral. The characteristics of both components are well known in adults, but their coordination in adults makes it difficult to discern the ways in which animals integrate and coordinate responses. Developmental approaches are useful in this regard because altricial newborn mammals possess immature responses that become mature and coordinated during relatively brief developmental transitions. One such transition, recently identified in this laboratory, involves a diminution in thermoregulatory responsiveness between the ages of two and eight days. This transition is important because its occurrence suggests mechanisms of thermoregulatory activation that are different from those currently suspected. Specifically, it is believed that heat production in newborn rats is activated solely by direct neural activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT). It is hypothesized here, however, that circulating catecholamines, released from chromaffin tissue in the adrenal medulla and/or the organ of Zuckerkandl, contribute to BAT activation. It is further hypothesized that the transition from robust BAT activation at birth to muted BAT activation within one week results from developing sympathetic innervation as well as involution of the organ of Zuckerkandl. These hypotheses will be tested using pharmacological and surgical manipulations of these organs and systems during development. In parallel with these physiological investigations, a novel head-turning paradigm involving radiant heat reinforcement will be used to investigate the development of thermal preference over the same postpartum period. In addition, because a synthesis of these two approaches is one primary goal of this project, interactions between autonomic and behavioral responses will be investigated as pups develop. It is hypothesized that coordination of physiological and behavioral responses will emerge as both thermoregulatory components mature during the first week postpartum. Finally, these interdisciplinary studies of week-old rats may provide valuable information regarding the comparable developmental stage of two to four months in human infants, at which time infants are most at risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.

哺乳动物的体温调节通常分为两部分，自主和行为。两种组分的特性良好在成年人中已知，但它们在成年人中的协调性使得难以辨别动物整合和协调反应的方式。发展的方法在这方面是有用的，因为新生哺乳动物具有不成熟的反应，在相对短暂的发展过渡中协调。一个这样最近在这个实验室里发现的一种转变，在两到八天的年龄之间的体温调节反应。这种转变很重要，因为它的发生表明了体温调节激活不同于目前的那些疑似具体来说，据信新生儿的产热大鼠仅通过棕色脂肪的直接神经激活来激活组织（BAT）。然而，这里假设，肾上腺髓质嗜铬组织释放的儿茶酚胺和/或Zuckerkandl器官，有助于BAT激活。是进一步假设，从强大的BAT激活过渡到出生一周内静音BAT激活的结果，交感神经支配以及Zuckerkandl器官退化。这些假设将使用药理学和外科学方法进行检验。这些器官和系统在发育过程中的操作。并行通过这些生理学研究，一种新的转头模式涉及辐射热加固将用于调查在产后同一时期内发展热偏好。在此外，由于这两种方法的综合是一个主要目标，自主反应和行为反应之间的相互作用将随着幼犬的成长而被研究据推测，协调的生理和行为反应，体温调节成分在产后第一周成熟。最后，这些对一周大老鼠的跨学科研究可能提供关于两个可比较的发展阶段的宝贵信息在人类婴儿的四个月内，婴儿最有可能婴儿猝死综合症