GENDER AND MENOPAUSE ON NUTRIENT AND ENERGY METABOLISM

P.I.的总体目标的研究是为了更好地了解性别 能量和营养代谢的差异， 发展和/或预防疾病。 的健康风险 与许多疾病有关，包括肥胖和冠心病 心脏病在男性和女性之间是不同。知识 需要能量和营养代谢的性别差异， 充分了解这些疾病的代谢基础。 研究的 将开始提出一项提案，以确定能源和 营养代谢以及这些在更年期的变化。 具体目标 第一步是确定碳水化合物和脂质的来源 男性和女性在运动过程中使用的燃料。 这将是 使用间接量热法和稳定同位素技术确定， 肌肉活检 具体目标2将是确定 通过使用 胰钳夹技术联合儿茶酚胺输注 和稳定同位素测量。具体目标3将是 确定男性和女性是否有不同的能力， 外源性脂质是否来自循环和有无性别 胰岛素抑制内源性极低水平胰岛素分泌的能力 密度脂蛋白甘油三酯（VLDL-TG）的产生。 甘油三酯 将根据静脉脂肪耐受性评估移除 test. VLDL-TG产生的相对变化将在以下时间测量： VLDL-TG放射性标记及动力学测定 在基础和高胰岛素血症/血糖正常条件下。 具体目标 4号将确定更年期和激素的影响 替代疗法对能量消耗和静息底物的影响 利用率 自由生活的能量消耗将使用 双标记水技术和基质利用将是 使用间接量热法和稳定同位素技术进行评估。 这些研究将进一步加深我们对代谢基础的理解， 男性和女性的疾病风险。

The overall aim of the P.I.'s research is to better understand gender differences in energy and nutrient metabolism that related to the development and/or protection against disease. The health risks associated with a number of diseases including obesity and coronary heart disease are different between males and females. Knowledge of gender differences in energy and nutrient metabolism are required to fully understand the metabolic basis of these diseases. Studies in this proposal will begin to determine gender specific aspects of energy and nutrient metabolism and how these change at menopause. Specific aim number 1 will be to determine the sources of carbohydrate and lipid fuels utilized during exercise in males and females. This will be determined using indirect calorimetry and stable isotope techniques and muscle biopsies. Specific aim number 2 will be to determine the lipolytic response to catecholamines in males and females by using the pancreatic clamp technique in conjunction with catecholamine infusions and stable isotope measurements. Specific aim number 3 will be to determine whether males and females differ in their ability to remove exogenous lipid from the circulation and whether there are gender differences in the ability of insulin to suppress endogenous very-low density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG) production. Triglyceride removal will be assessed in response to an intravenous fat tolerance test. Relative changes in VLDL-TG production will be measured following the radioactive labeling of VLDL-TG and measurement of VLDL-TG kinetics under basal and hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic conditions. Specific aim number 4 will be to determine the effect of menopause and hormone replacement therapy on energy expenditure and resting substrate utilization. Free-living energy expenditure will be measured using the doubly labelled water technique and substrate utilization will be assessed using indirect calorimetry and stable isotope techniques. These studies will further our understanding of the metabolic basis for disease risk in males and females.