THE INTERNATIONAL GREEK NEW TESTAMENT PROJECT: A CRITICAL EDITION OF THE GOSPEL OF JOHN

约翰福音，像所有的古代文本一样，以多种形式存在。印刷版必须仔细地从这些表格中编译出来。在早期基督教中，对经文的修改不仅是手写的错误，而且是有意的，为了“改进”经文。这包括语法和神学上的改变，以及保存有趣的材料，即使它原本不属于文本（例如，在约翰福音中，耶稣和淫妇在第8章的会面）。其他的变化包括神学上重要的段落，比如在第1章18节中应该读“独生子”还是“独生子”。手稿之间总共有大约8000处差异，其中有近2000处。还有一些重要的古代约翰译本的手稿，包括叙利亚语、拉丁语、科普特语和其他语言，以及早期基督教作家的引文，一直延续到五世纪。这些差异必须被列出并研究，这样我们才能知道新约的文本是什么。这是通过制作一个“关键版本”来完成的，它由两部分组成。第一个是一个关键装置，其中列出了手稿和其他证人中发现的所有差异。第二个是关键文本，通过比较这些差异并从中选择最可能是最古老的文本来制作。最后一个可靠的主要版本出版于1869年，因此迫切需要一个新的约翰。编辑文本必须定期进行，因为。发现了新的证人。在过去的70年里，人们发现了更多的《约翰福音》抄本，尤其是两本写于公元200年的抄本，是现存最古老的抄本（也有其他手稿的碎片，每一份都包含几页的部分内容）。相比之下，1869年可找到的最古老的副本是在150年后的350.2年左右复制的。发现了评估证据的新方法。今天，基于计算机的工具的发展导致了管理和解释文本数据方式的革命。由于有如此多的证据表明人类的思维很难管理，计算机为编辑提供了审查自己的决定并改进它们的方法，同时将决定置于人类的控制之下。制作这样的版本需要技术专长和专业资源，如手稿图像的集合和专门设计的软件。今天学者们的合作比以往任何时候都要多。这个项目是由德国梅恩斯特的新约文本研究研究所指导的整个新约版本的一部分，称为“大批判版”（“大批判版”）。该版本将供专家使用，包括文本研究者、评论员和历史学家。它还将对《圣经》的所有读者产生影响，因为所制作的文本将用于希腊文《新约》的两个最流行的版本。这些版本不仅被全世界成千上万的人购买和使用，它们也为当今世界上几乎所有的圣经翻译提供了基础。因此，在接下来的几代人里，这部重要的文本将成为每年售出百万本《圣经》的基础。约翰福音的版本将由国际希腊文新约计划出版。这个项目汇集了来自各行各业的专业学者和志愿者，他们研究手稿并提供信息。专业学者包括研究人员和研究生。管理这个由志愿者组成的网络、团队项目和个人研究以及关键版的制作需要一个管理团队。这个项目资助指导研究和编辑的编辑团队。如果您有兴趣了解更多有关如何参与的信息，请访问http://www.igntp.org

The Gospel of John, like all ancient texts, exists in multiple forms. A printed edition has to be carefully compiled from these forms. In early Christianity, changes were made to the text not only by mistake in writing them out by hand, but also intentionally, in order to 'improve' the text. These included grammatical and theological changes, and saving interesting material, even if it did not originally belong to the text (for example, in John the meeting between Jesus and the adulteress in Chapter 8). Other changes include theologically significant passages such as whether one should read 'only begotten God' or 'only begotten Son' in Chapter 1 verse 18. In total there are about 8,000 places of variation between the manuscripts, of which there are almost 2,000. There are also important manuscripts of ancient translations of John into Syriac, Latin, Coptic and other languages, and quotations in early Christian writers down to the fifth century.These differences have to be listed and studied, for us to know what the text of the New Testament is. This is done by making a 'critical edition', which consists of two parts. The first is a critical apparatus, in which are listed all the differences found in the manuscripts and other witnesses. The second is a critical text, which is made by comparing these differences and selecting from them the one most likely to be the oldest.The last reliable major edition was published in 1869, so that a new edition of John is urgently required. Editing a text has to be undertaken at regular intervals, because1. New witnesses are found. Over the past 70 years, many more copies of John have been discovered, and in particular two which were written in about 200 and are the oldest surviving copies of any length (there are also fragments of other manuscripts, each containing parts of a few pages). By contrast, the oldest copies available in 1869 were copied 150 years later, in about 350.2. New methods of evaluating the evidence are discovered. Today the development of computer based tools has led to a revolution in ways of managing and interpreting textual data. Because there is so much evidence that the human mind finds it hard to manage, the computer provides ways for editors to review their own decisions and improve them, while leaving the decisions under human control.Making an edition like this requires technical expertise and specialist resources such as collections of images of manuscript and specially designed software. Today scholars collaborate far more than ever before. This project is part of an edition of the whole New Testament directed by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research in Münster, Germany, called the Editio critica maior ('Larger critical edition').The edition will be used by specialists, including textual researchers, commentators and historians. It will also have an impact on all readers of the Bible, since the text that is made will be used for the two most popular editions of the Greek New Testament. Not only are these editions bought and used by many thousands of people worldwide, they also provide the basis for almost every Bible translation in the world today. As a result, this critical text will for the next few generations be the foundation of the million copies of the Bible sold every year.The edition of John will be made by the International Greek New Testament Project. This project brings together professional scholars and volunteers from various walks of life who study manuscripts and provide information from them. The professional scholars include researchers and research students. The management of this web of volunteers, team projects and individual research and the production of the critical edition requires a management team. This project funds the editorial team who are directing the research and making the edition.If you are interested in finding out more about how you can participate, please go to http://www.igntp.org