The path of most Resistance: the intimate geographies of landscape for World War II Partisans in Northern Italy

最抵抗的道路：意大利北部二战游击队的亲密地理景观

• 批准号: AH/H039686/1
• 负责人: David Atkinson
• 金额: $ 25.31万
• 依托单位: University of Hull
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FH039686%2F1
• 关键词: path; most; Resistance; intimate; geographies

The anti-Nazi, anti-Fascist partisan struggles of 1943-45 became iconic in the post-war construction of the Italian Republic. As the world came to terms with Nazi atrocities, the resistance positioned Italians as fighting this oppression. As Italians negotiated their fascist pasts, resistance stories offered a distraction and a new start. Consequently, the resistance was celebrated through all kinds of 'official' media and became central to Italy's post-war identity. 'Partigiani' were lauded by commentators and politicians (especially on the left). They were celebrated in historical writing, and by physical memorials, civic ceremonies and street-naming. In turn, these histories became embedded in school histories, especially in the North where the bulk of partisan activity occurred.These histories were re-cast in the aftermath of 1989 and the fall of Italy's second republic in 1992. The right began critiquing the patriotism of Partisans' leftist politics, while more mainstream historical rethinking uncovered the fractured, politicized and often brutal and compromised nature of partisan life.Yet the geographies of the resistance remain little-studied. While scholars frequently talk of the partisans' recourse to mountains or forests, they seldom consider the nature of these places. While historians documented the sites of resistance actions and refuges, they rarely considered how the fighters experienced these landscapes. Geographical understandings of the production and nature of these fleeting worlds are lacking.We propose to use interviews with surviving partisans to explore the personal, emotional business of 'being there': of the partisans' understandings of, and engagements with, their landscapes of invisibility and refuge where they hid, sheltered, watched and waited. While starting with orthodox archives about their histories, this project will move beyond these to recover the intimate, sensual, embodied business of being and dwelling in these environments. What places inspired fear, attachment, remorse or hope? What characterised the micro-geographies of a resistance landscape?Further, we will explore how the practice of resistance itself -and its modes of using, engaging and re-shaping landscapes- constituted both the resistance fighter and the Partisans across a series of case-study sites. These phenomenological approaches to the co-production of landscape and subject have developed apace in geography and archaeology of late (transcending more traditional attempts to apprehend landscapes). The engagement between the team's geographical and archaeological sensibilities allows us to explore the synergies of these approaches through a project of interest to many disciplines, and via a topic that is pivotal to modern Italian identity. The case studies will be drawn from the Veneto, North-East Italy: a key partisan region that is central to traditional Resistance histories. These 'Official' accounts are enshrined in print and local museums, and in folk traditions of tales, poems and songs. We will examine these sources for and their evidence of furtive partisan lives amidst forests and mountains. However, we will then consider the partisans' production of these landscapes through in-depth interviews and, age permitting, site visits.Finally, we will consider the afterlives of these sites and their histories. Remembering the resistance and visiting its iconic sites remains important for many in the Veneto, not least children who visit partisan sites on school fieldtrips. How are these places used to remember the resistance? How might embodied histories enliven these sites? We will also interview teachers and local historical advisors about how these sites are used in memory work, and how they translate the experiences of these sites to wider histories of resistance landscapes.In sum, we promise a fuller picture of Resistance lives and landscapes before the last veterans slip away.

1943-45 年的反纳粹、反法西斯党派斗争成为意大利共和国战后建设的标志性事件。当世界逐渐接受纳粹暴行时，抵抗运动将意大利人定位为与这种压迫作斗争。当意大利人与他们的法西斯过去进行谈判时，抵抗故事提供了一种分散注意力的方法和一个新的开始。因此，抵抗运动通过各种“官方”媒体得到了庆祝，并成为意大利战后身份的核心。 “Partigiani”受到评论家和政治家（尤其是左翼人士）的称赞。他们通过历史著作、实体纪念馆、公民仪式和街道命名来庆祝。反过来，这些历史被嵌入到学校历史中，特别是在发生大量游击队活动的北方。这些历史在 1989 年和 1992 年意大利第二共和国垮台之后被重新塑造。右翼开始批评游击队左翼政治的爱国主义，而更主流的历史反思则揭示了游击队分裂、政治化、往往是残酷和妥协的本质。 党派生活。然而，抵抗运动的地理分布仍然很少被研究。虽然学者们经常谈论游击队对山区或森林的依赖，但他们很少考虑这些地方的性质。虽然历史学家记录了抵抗行动和避难所的地点，但他们很少考虑战士们如何经历这些景观。对这些转瞬即逝的世界的产生和性质缺乏地理理解。我们建议通过对幸存游击队的采访来探索“在那里”的个人情感事务：游击队对他们隐藏、庇护、观看和等待的隐形和避难所的景观的理解和参与。虽然从关于他们的历史的正统档案开始，这个项目将超越这些，恢复在这些环境中存在和居住的亲密的、感性的、具体的业务。哪些地方激发了恐惧、依恋、悔恨或希望？抵抗景观的微观地理特征是什么？此外，我们将通过一系列案例研究场所探讨抵抗实践本身及其使用、参与和重塑景观的模式如何构成抵抗斗士和游击队。这些景观和主题共同生产的现象学方法最近在地理学和考古学中迅速发展（超越了理解景观的更传统的尝试）。团队的地理和考古敏感性之间的结合使我们能够通过一个对许多学科感兴趣的项目以及一个对现代意大利身份至关重要的主题来探索这些方法的协同作用。案例研究将取自意大利东北部的威尼托：一个重要的党派地区，是传统抵抗运动历史的中心。这些“官方”记载被珍藏在印刷品和当地博物馆以及民间故事、诗歌和歌曲的传统中。我们将检查这些来源及其在森林和山脉中秘密生活的证据。然而，我们随后将通过深入访谈以及年龄允许的实地考察来考虑游击队对这些景观的制作。最后，我们将考虑这些遗址的来世及其历史。对于威尼托的许多人来说，记住抵抗运动并参观其标志性景点仍然很重要，尤其是在学校实地考察中参观游击队遗址的孩子们。这些地方是如何用来纪念抵抗的？具身历史如何为这些遗址注入活力？我们还将采访教师和当地历史顾问，了解这些遗址如何用于记忆工作，以及他们如何将这些遗址的经历转化为更广泛的抵抗景观历史。总之，我们承诺在最后一批退伍军人消失之前，对抵抗运动的生活和景观有更全面的了解。

项目成果

The Enemy as Confounding Other: Interpersonal Perception and Displacement in Italian Memories of the Resistance and German Occupation of 1943-1945

敌人混淆了他者：1943-1945 年意大利抵抗运动和德国占领记忆中的人际感知和位移

• DOI: 10.1080/02757206.2014.1002496
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: History and Anthropology
• 影响因子: 0.7
• 作者: De Nardi S

Place as Material Culture: Objects, Geographies and the Construction of Time

作为物质文化的场所：物体、地理和时间的构建

• 发表时间: 2013
• 作者: De Nardi, S

L'inchiostro dei vinti. Stampa e ideologia neofascista 1945-1953, by Elisabetta Cassina Wolff, Milan, Mursia, 2013, 398 pp., €18.00, ISBN 97-888-425-4558-3

Linchiostro dei vinti。

• DOI: 10.1080/13532944.2013.841011
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Modern Italy
• 影响因子: 0.5
• 作者: De Nardi S

Visualising Place, Memory and the Imagined

想象地点、记忆和想象

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: De Nardi Sarah

An embodied approach to Second World War storytelling mementoes: Probing beyond the archival into the corporeality of memories of the resistance

讲述第二次世界大战纪念品的具体方法：超越档案探索抵抗记忆的物质性

• DOI: 10.1177/1359183514554987
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Journal of Material Culture
• 影响因子: 0.9
• 作者: De Nardi S