MULTIPLE BLOOD FEEDING BY MOSQUITOES

此更新建议旨在测试多个主机 接触和多次吸血的蚊子在一个单一的生殖营养 周期是增加虫媒病毒感染概率的重要因素 传输虽然经常记录，蚊子的多次喂养 一般都被忽略了。 我们最初的建议假设C。melanura可能会被感染 与传播东部马脑脊髓炎（EAE）病毒在一个 生殖营养循环结果表明，多次喂养发生在一个 时间很短，这增加了未感染的可能性。 蚊子吸入病毒血症的血液， 被感染的蚊子在本提案中，我们计划进行后续实验， 内在和外在因素可能解释我们的发现 多样性的变化。 与Ae的初步研究从登革热（DEN）病毒中收集的埃及伊蚊 在波多黎各的焦点显示，这种蚊子通常（24%）从事 多食。研究描述，将确定更多 确定蚊子在什么条件下和什么频率 多次饲喂以及多次饲喂对DEN病毒的影响 传输 通过使用创新的组织学、免疫组织化学和血液标记物 技术，我们建议更准确地确定频率 在两种重要的虫媒病毒（昆虫和昆虫）的传播中， DEN）。 我们的研究结果将提供深入了解虫媒病毒 维持，有助于解释虫媒病毒病的时空变异 疫情，并生成对疾病预防设计有用的数据 程序.

This renewal proposal is designed to test the hypothesis that multiple host contacts and multiple blood feeding by mosquitoes in a single gonotrophic cycle are important factors in increasing the probability of arbovirus transmission. Although often documented, multiple feeding by mosquitoes generally has been overlooked. Our original proposal hypothesized that Cs. melanura could become infected with and transmit eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus within one gonotrophic cycle. Results suggest that multiple feeding occurs during a brief time frame and that it increases the probability of an uninfected mosquito imbibing viremic blood and of virus transmission by an already infected mosquito. In this proposal we plan followup experiments to test intrinsic and extrinsic factors that might explain our findings of variation in multiple feeding. Preliminary studies with Ae. aegypti collected from a dengue (DEN) virus focus in Puerto Rico show that this mosquito commonly (24%) engages in multiple feeding. Studies are described that would determine more definitively how often and under what conditions this mosquito engages in multiple feeding and what effect multiple feeding has on DEN virus transmission. By using innovative histological, immunohistochemical, and blood marker techniques, we propose to determine more accurately the frequency of multiple feeding in the transmission of two important arboviruses (EEE and DEN). Results from our studies will provide insights into arboviral maintenance, help explain variation in time and space of arboviral disease outbreaks, and generate data useful in the design of disease prevention programs.